lexical equivalents of translation

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1526026208_71508.doc lexical equivalents of translation plan: 1. lexical substitution. 2. supplementation. 3. adequate translation. one of the most difficult problems is how to find lexical equivalents for objects and events which are 'not known in receptor culture. a translator has to consider not only the two languages but also the two cultures. because of the difference in culture there will be some concepts in the sorrel language which do not have lexical equivalents in the receptor language; this may be because of difference of geography of customs, of beliefs, of worldview and others. there are 3 basic ways in which a translator can find an equivalent expression in the receptor language: 1) a generic word with a descriptive phrase, 2) a loan word, 3) cultural substitute. the distinction of the tiling or event or form and its function is very important in looking for lexical equivalents. -ex: "pencil" has the …

parties or dessert? equivalents may be modified by a genetic word (ex; animal in dog, wolf, cat etc.). equivalence may be modified by a comparison. ex: "rubber" - thing like an oar; wolf-animal like a fierce dog. equivalence may be modified be a loan word. a loan word refers to a word which is from another language and is unknown to most- of the speakers of the receptor language. loan words are commonly used for the names of people, places, and geographical areas. john may be translated as "a man named john”. equivalents may be modified by a classifier ex: dove-a bird called dove. - lion - animal called lion - amazon - river called amazon equivalence may be modified with a description of form, function or birth. priest- the person who deals with that given to sven anchors-irons called anchors tied ropes so the boat could not go any …

-used by muslims synagogue-used by tems. we must distinguish generic and specific – words. the same meaning components may occur in several lexical items of a language. ex: the meaning "sheep" is also found in the words lamp, ram, and ewe. these are true because the word sheep is generic word which includes the specific words ram, ewe and iamb. sleep house chicken dog deer male ram stallion waster dog buck adult female ewe mare hen bitch dole young, lamb colt chick puppy fawn animal sheep horse chicken dog ram ewe lamb stallion mare cold waster hen chick dog bitch puppy equivalence modified with features of form: treasure- lots of valuable things ". sea - flat water wine - fermented grape juice flour - ground dry grain. equivalence modified a statement of function centurion - man that commands ship – that with which we can walk on water it should …

а. i am not kidding. я вам серьёзно говорю. they gave me the wrong book and i didn't notice it till i got bag to my room. я ровно дома заметил, что мне дали не ту книгу. i didn't thing of it till we went half way through the park. вспомнил я об этом, когда мы уже проехали почти весь парк. keep the child out of the sun. не держите ребенка на солнце. keep off the gross. he ходи по траве while translating one should remember he may use the words not included in the dictionary because if impossible to include in the dictionary all the correct meanings of the word, which it may acquire in the context. "he was developing grammatical nerves" - у него развивалось грамматическое чутьё we can find a lot of meanings of the word "nerves", "нервы, сила, мужество, хладнокровье, дерзость, нахальство" but in our text …

e most part we use descriptive translation and word- for- word translation /people of good will, top level talks. levels of equivalence and concept of adequate translation levels of equivalence: this problem was briefly discussed in the previous lecture in connection with the distinction between semantic and programmatic equivalence. in the theory of translation, for instance: v.g. gark and i.n. levin distinguish the following types of equivalents: formal semantic and situational. formal equivalence may be illustrated by speech cases as: the sun disappeared behind a cloud – солнце скрылось за тучей. here we find similarity of words and forms in addition to the similarity. the difference in the plain of expression is in fact, those determined by overall structural differences between russian and english. . the use of articles in english, the use of perfective aspect, gender, forms, etc., in russian. semantic equivalence - exists when the same meaning are …

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1526026208_71508.doc lexical equivalents of translation plan: 1. lexical substitution. 2. supplementation. 3. adequate translation. one of the most difficult problems is how to find lexical equivalents for objects and events which are 'not known in receptor culture. a translator has to consider not only the two languages but also the two cultures. because of the difference in culture there will be some concepts in the sorrel language which do not have lexical equivalents in the receptor language; this may be because of difference of geography of customs, of beliefs, of worldview and others. there are 3 basic ways in which a translator can find an equivalent expression in the receptor language: 1) a generic word with a descriptive phrase, 2) …

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