word-groups lecture 12

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powerpoint presentation word-groups lecture 12 word-groups vs. phraseological units words put together to form lexical units make phrases or word-groups. the largest two-facet lexical unit comprising more than one word is the word-group observed on the syntagmatic level of analysis. the degree of structural and semantic cohesion of word-groups may vary. functionally and semantically inseparable word-groups like at least, point of view, by means of, take place are phraseological units. semantically and structurally more independent word-groups a week ago, man of wisdom, take lessons, kind to people are defined as free or variable word-groups or phrases valency of words to get a better insight into the essentials of structure and meaning of word-groups we must begin with a brief survey of the main factors active in uniting words into word-groups. the two main linguistic factors to be considered in uniting words into word-groups are: 1) the lexical valency of words …

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combinations of words which condition the realization of a certain meaning the range of the lexical valency of words is linguistically restricted by the inner structure of the english word-stock. though the verbs lift and raise are treated as synonyms, only raise is collocated with the noun question. the verb take may be interpreted as ‘grasp’, ’seize’, ‘catch’, etc. but only take is found in collocations with the nouns examination, measures, precautions, etc., only catch in catch smb. napping and grasp in grasp the truth. the restrictions of lexical valency of words may manifest themselves in the lexical meanings of the polysemantic members of word-groups. the adjective heavy, e.g., is combined with the words food, meals, supper, etc. in the meaning ‘rich and difficult to digest’. but not all the words with the same component of meaning can be combined with this adjective *heavy cheese or *heave sausage. the lexical …

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на решение, на выбор (verb+ preposition+noun). the individual meanings of a polysemantic word may be described through its syntactic valency: keen + n: keen sight, hearing, etc. keen + on + n: keen on sports, tennis, etc. keen + v(inf): keen to know, to find out, etc. thus word-groups may be regarded as minimal syntactic (or syntagmatic) structures that operate as distinguishing clues for different meanings of a polysemantic word. interdependence of structure and meaning in word-groups syntactic structure and pattern of word-groups is the description of the order and arrangement of member-words in word-groups as parts of speech. the syntactic structure of the word-group an old woman, a blue dress, clever man, red flower is an adjective and a noun, i.e. a+n; the syntactic structure of the word-groups wash a car, read books, take books, build houses – as a verb and a noun, i.e. v+n. the syntactic structure …

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e.g., the patterns of the verbal groups to read a book, to wash a car are to read + n, to wash + n; to rely on somebody – to rely+on+n. syntactic pattern implies the description of the structure of the word-group in which a given word is used as its head. the interdependence of the pattern and meaning of head-words can be easily perceived by comparing word-groups of different patterns in which the same head-word is used. three patterns with the verb ‘get’ as the head-word represent three different meanings of this verb: get+n (get a letter, information, money, etc.); get+ +to +n (get to moscow, to the institute, etc.); get+n+v(inf.) (get somebody to come, to do the work, etc.). notional member-words are habitually represented in conventional symbols whereas prepositions and other form-words are given in their usual graphic form. this is accounted for by the fact that individual …

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s (friendly to people), c) verbal groups (to sing well), etc. 2. exocentric word-groups have no central component and the distribution of the whole word-group is different from either of its members. for instance, the distribution of the word-groups side by side, at first, grow smaller is not identical with the distribution of their component-members, i.e. the component-members are not syntactically substitutable for the whole word-group. types of meaning of word-groups the lexical meaning – the combined lexical meaning of the component words, e.g. a blind man may be described denotationally as the combined meaning of the words blind and man. in most cases the lexical meanings of the word-group predominates over the lexical meanings of its components, e.g. blind alley, blind date. polysemantic words are used in word-groups only in one of their meanings. these meanings of the component words in such word-groups are mutually interdependent and inseparable. semantic …

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powerpoint presentation word-groups lecture 12 word-groups vs. phraseological units words put together to form lexical units make phrases or word-groups. the largest two-facet lexical unit comprising more than one word is the word-group observed on the syntagmatic level of analysis. the degree of structural and semantic cohesion of word-groups may vary. functionally and semantically inseparable word-groups like at least, point of view, by means of, take place are phraseological units. semantically and structurally more independent word-groups a week ago, man of wisdom, take lessons, kind to people are defined as free or variable word-groups or phrases valency of words to get a better insight into the essentials of structure and meaning of word-groups we must begin with a brief survey …

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