lecture 8. phraseology

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lecture 8. phraseology the lexical units which these linguists were studying have been the words, the basic lexical unit, and word-forming morphemes, the smallest units within the words. words put together make phrases or word-groups. word-groups viewed as functionally and semantically inseparable units are traditionally regarded as the subject matter of the branch of lexicological science named phraseology. but a lot of disagreements concerning this branch of lexicology exist. for example, english and american linguists treat phraseology mostly as a problem of applied linguistics. many attempts have been made to approach the problem of phraseology in different ways. up till now, however, no unanimity has been achieved concerning the problem of english phraseology and the habitual terms: set-phrase, idiom, collocation, word-equivalent and many others. even today phraseological units are treated differently by different linguists. g. salapina states that the number of opinions concerning phraseology is as great as the number …

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d so on treating these as devices assuring expressiveness. they also show interest in the origin and etymology of english phrases and arrange them according to their peculiarities. for example, l.p. smith groups set expressions into phrases from sea life, agriculture, hunting, sports, and so on. russian linguists, academician f.f. fortunatov, a.a. shachmatov and others paved the way for serious syntactical analysis of set expressions. a special branch of linguistics termed phraseology came into being in post-soviet countries. the most significant theories advanced for russian phraseology are those by v.v. vinogradov and b.v. larin. together with theories advanced on classification of phraseological units of the russian language appeared a great number of linguists’ works devoted to phraseology of the english language. for example, a.v. koonin prompted by v.v. vinogradov’s theory applied the linguist’s theoretic analysis to the realities of the english language and attempted to group english phraseological units into …

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seological unities are often considered to be figurative phrases, as fresh as daisy, neither here nor there. according to a.v. koonin phraseological unities are also represented by proverbs (e.g. diamond cut diamond) and sayings (e.g. to die a dog’s death). 3. traditional combinations traditional combinations are made up of such words as may combine only with certain other words. sometimes the constituent elements of the phrase may be replaced by synonyms. in a traditional combination one or more words are used in their direct, non-figurative senses, e.g. to pay a visit to someone; to give (lend) assistance to someone; to strike (deal, inflict) a blow to someone. a.v. koonin bases his classification on a combination of functional (communicative), semantic and structural features. the main classes are based on the function the units fulfill in speech. they may be nominating (a bull in a china shop), interjectional (a fine, nice, pretty …

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irene had put her oar in. уж, наверное, дело не обошлось без вмешательства ирин. e.g. the equipage dashed forward, and before you could say jack robinson, with a rattle and flourish drew up at soame’s door. экипаж рванулся вперед и в мгновение ока с грохотом подкатился к дому сомса. the following examples can be referred to the second subgroup of the a.v. koonin’s classification - phraseological unities: e.g. she was rather thin, but young, and fresh complexioned, and her eyes sparkled as bright as diamonds. она была тоненькая, молодая, со свежим цветом лица, и глаза у нее сверкали ярко, как бриллианты. e.g. they must cut their coat according to their cloth. по одежке протягивай ножки. e.g. he could not run with the hare and hunt with the hounds, and so to his son he said good-bye. он не мог служить двум богам и простился со своим сыном. as for the …

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raseological units are word-groups that cannot be made in the process of speech, they exist in the language as ready-made units. they are compiled in special dictionaries. like words, phraseologocal units express a single notion and are used in a sentence as one part of it. american and british lexicographers call such units idioms. 3 types of lexical combinability of words: 1). free combination grammatical properties of words are the main factor of their combinability. ex.: i'm talking to you. you are writing. free combinations permit substitution of any of its elements without semantic change of the other element. collocations. ex.: to commit a murder blue sky bright day they are the habitual associations of a word in a language with other particular words. speakers become accustomed to such collocations. very often they are related to the referential & situational meaning of words. sometimes there are collocations, which are removed …

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lecture 8. phraseology the lexical units which these linguists were studying have been the words, the basic lexical unit, and word-forming morphemes, the smallest units within the words. words put together make phrases or word-groups. word-groups viewed as functionally and semantically inseparable units are traditionally regarded as the subject matter of the branch of lexicological science named phraseology. but a lot of disagreements concerning this branch of lexicology exist. for example, english and american linguists treat phraseology mostly as a problem of applied linguistics. many attempts have been made to approach the problem of phraseology in different ways. up till now, however, no unanimity has been achieved concerning the problem of english phraseology and the habitual terms: s...

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