modern approaches in translation studies

presentation presentation by ismatullayeva durdona theme:modern approaches in translation studies translation studies have developed rapidly in the 20th and 21st centuries. modern approaches view translation not only as a linguistic act but also as a cultural, communicative, and cognitive process. these approaches aim to understand how meaning is transferred and adapted across languages and societies. functionalist approach key idea: translation should serve the purpose (skopos) of the target text. main theorist: hans vermeer (skopos theory) focus: target audience text function translation purpose example: technical manuals prioritize clarity over style. communicative and semantic translation proposed by: peter newmark communicative translation: focuses on effect on the reader. semantic tr...

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