lexical transformation in translation

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course paper on the topic lexical transformation in translation content 1. introduction…………………………………………………… chapter 1. what is lexical transformation …………………………….. 1.1.…lexical problems of translation…………………... 1.2. translation transformations: definition, causes, classification ………………... summary of chapter 1……………………………………….. chapter 2.translation of poetic texts:………………..………… 2.1. inappropriate situations in plexical transformation in poetry translation ….. 2.2. the concept of lexical transformations ...………………………......... summary of chapter 2………………………………………… conclusion………………………………………………………… reference……………...…………………………………………… introduction the study of the language is arguably the most hotly contested property in the academic realm. it becomes a tangle begetting multiple language discrepancies. that is why linguistics compares languages and explores their histories, in order to find and to account for its development and origins to give the answers to this or that language point. due to the semantic features of language the meanings of words, their ability to combine with other words, their usage, the “place” they hold in the lexical system of a language …

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a word in the language of the original conforms to several equivalents in the language it is translated into. the reasons of these facts are the following [2:5]. 1. most words in a language are polysemantic. that’s why the selection of a word in the process of translating is determined by the context. 2. the specification of synonymous order. however, it is necessary to allow for the nature of the semantic signs which an order of synonyms is based on. therefore, it is advisable to account for the concurring meanings of members of synonymic orders, the difference in lexical and stylistic meanings, and the ability of individual components of orders of synonyms to combine. 3. each word affects the meaning of an object it designates. not infrequently languages “select” different properties and signs to describe the same denotations. the way, each language creates its own “picture of the world”, is …

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tion coupled with the structure of word-building in both languages may lead to a false identification. 6. each language has its own typical rules of combinability. a language has generally established traditional combinations which do not concur with corresponding ones in another language. adjectives offer considerable difficulties in the process of translation. it does not always coincide with their combinability in the ukrainian or russian languages on account of differences in their semantic structure [3:236]. frequently one and the same adjective in english combines with a number of nouns, while in ukrainian and russian different adjectives are used in combinations of this kind. for this reason it is not easy to translate english adjectives which are more capable of combining than their ukrainian and russian equivalents. a specific feature of the combinability of english nouns is that some of them can function as the subject of a sentence though they …

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/“olcha, gilos” - “cherry” they both married their cousins – translate: o'g'il jiyan (cousin), qiz jiyan (nephew) we’ll have to translate this sentence depending on the word cousins (but not on nephews), otherwise we’ll get quite a different translation or meaning. transformations – lexical transformations: substantivization, verbalization, adjectivization, etc. for example, polisemantic words: to get, to have , to be, to come, to run, etc. to get - “olmoq”, “ushlab olmoq”, “tushunmoq”, “o'ylantirmoq”, “aloqa qilmoq”, “etib olmoq”, “aylanmoq”, “o'zgarmoq”, “ketmoq, (masalan, “oqarib ketmoq”) you- sen/ siz thing: - “matter”, “stuff”, “challenge” (i don’t know this thing) transcription/transliteration: “coca cola”, “pepsi cola”, “chevron”, “tayota” associative transformation: “i not only shared a cabin with him and ate three meals a day at the same table …” - “men u bilan bir kunda bitta stol atrofida uch marta uchrashar edim” (not definite); it becomes clear if translate it as: “men u bilan nafaqat …

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itional government, nonprepositional government, extra linguistic factors: difference in national mentality, lexemes connected with local realities, local coloring, purely national notions and terms (tandir, somsa, qiz uzatish, uloq) chapter 1 what is lexical transformation? lexical transformations change the semantic core of a translated word. they can be classified into the following groups: 1.lexical substitution, or putting one word in place of another. it often results from the different semantic structures of the source language and target language words. thus the word molodoy is not always translated as young; rather, it depends on its word combinability: molodoy kartofel is equal to new potatoes. this translation equivalent is predetermined by the word combination it is used in. this type of translation can hardly be called substitution, since it is a regular equivalent for this phrase. deliberate substitution as a translation technique can be of several subtypes: specification, or substituting words with a …

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course paper on the topic lexical transformation in translation content 1. introduction…………………………………………………… chapter 1. what is lexical transformation …………………………….. 1.1.…lexical problems of translation…………………... 1.2. translation transformations: definition, causes, classification ………………... summary of chapter 1……………………………………….. chapter 2.translation of poetic texts:………………..………… 2.1. inappropriate situations in plexical transformation in poetry translation ….. 2.2. the concept of lexical transformations ...………………………......... summary of chapter 2………………………………………… conclusion………………………………………………………… reference……………...…………………………………………… introduction the study of the language is arguably the most hotly contested property in the academic realm. it becomes a tangle begetting multiple language discrepanci...

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