translation and culture

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1526025844_71502.doc translation and culture plan: 1. cultural categories 2. material culture 3. flora and fauna translation and culture definitions culture is defined as the way of life and its manifestations that arc peculiar to a community that uses a particular language as its means of expression. more specifically, there is distinction of 'cultural' from 'universal* and 'personal' language. 'die',- "live', "star", 'swim' and even almost virtually ubiquitous artifacts like 'mirror' and 'table-are universals ~ usually there is no translation problem there. 'monsoon', 'steppe', 'dacha', 'tagliatelle' are cultural words - there will be a translation problem unless there is cultural overlap between the source and the target language (and its readership). universal words such as 'breakfast', "embrace", 'pile' often cover the universal function, but not the cultural description of the referent. in expression of oneself in a personal way - 'you're weaving creating conversation) as usual', "his "under life" (personal qualities …

if it were so, translation would be impossible. language does however contain all kinds of cultural deposits, in the translation (genders of inanimate nouns), forma of address (like sie, usted) as well as the lexis ('the sun sets'), which are not taken account of in universals either in consciousness or translation. further, the more specific a language becomes for natural phenomena (e.g., flora and fauna) the more it becomes embedded in cultural features^ and therefore creates translation problems. which is worrying, since it is notorious that the translation of the most general words (particularly of morals and feelings, as tyler noted in 1790) - love, temperance, temper, right, wrong - is usually harder than that of specific words. most 'cultural' words are easy to detect, since they are associated with a particular language and cannot be literally translated, but many cultural customs are described in ordinary language ('topping out a …

l culture - work and leisure ajah, amah, condottiere, biwa, sithar, raga, 'reggae', 'rock'. 4. organizations, customs, activities, procedures, concepts a) political and administrative b) religious: dharma, karma, 'temple' c) artistic. 5. gestures and habits cock a snook','spitting'. a few general considerations govern the translation of all cultural words. first, your ultimate "consideration should be recognition of the cultural achievements referred to in the sl text, and respect for all foreign countries and their cultures. two translation procedures, which are at opposite ends of the scale, are normally available; transference, which, usually in literary texts, offers local color and atmosphere, and in specialist texts enables the readership (some of whom may be more or less familiar with the sl) to identify the referent - particularly a name or a concept -in other, texts (or conversations) without difficulty. however, transference, though it is brief and concise, blocks comprehension, it emphasizes the …

and commercially. nevertheless, their diffusion depends on the importance of their country of origin as well as their degree of specificity. thus 'plateau' is not perceived as a cultural word, and has long been adopted in russian, german and english, but translated in spanish and usually italian (mesa, altipiano). many countries have 'local' words for plains - 'prairies', 'steppes', 'tundras', 'pampas', 'savannahs',- 'illanos', compos, paramos, bush', 'veld' - all with strong elements of local color. their familiarity is a function of the importance and geographical or political proximity of their countries. all these words would normally be transferred, with the addition of a brief culture-free third term where necessary in the text. this applies too to the 'technical' tabuleiros (brazilian low plateau) if one assumes that the sl writer would not mention them if he does not attach importance to them. material culture food is for many the most sensitive …

al term, for the rest (e.g., the pasta dish - cannelloni) - for the general readership. in fact, all french dishes can remain in french if they are explained in the recipes. consistency for a text and the requirements of the client here precede other circumstances. for english, other food terms are in a different category. macaroni came over in 1600. spaghetti in 1880, ravioli and pizza are current; many other italian and greek terms may have to be explained. food terms have normally been transferred, only the french making continuous efforts to naturalize them (rosbif, choucroute). traditionally, upper-class men's clothes are english and women's french (note slip, bra) but national costumes when distinctive are not translated, e.g.., sari, kimono, yukala. dirndl. "jeans' (which is an internationalism, and an american symbol like 'coke'), kaftan, jubbah. clothes as cultural terms may be sufficiently explained for tl general readers if the generic …

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1526025844_71502.doc translation and culture plan: 1. cultural categories 2. material culture 3. flora and fauna translation and culture definitions culture is defined as the way of life and its manifestations that arc peculiar to a community that uses a particular language as its means of expression. more specifically, there is distinction of 'cultural' from 'universal* and 'personal' language. 'die',- "live', "star", 'swim' and even almost virtually ubiquitous artifacts like 'mirror' and 'table-are universals ~ usually there is no translation problem there. 'monsoon', 'steppe', 'dacha', 'tagliatelle' are cultural words - there will be a translation problem unless there is cultural overlap between the source and the target language (and its readership). universal words such as 'breakfast'...

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