typological category of gender

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1451619508_62793.doc typological category of gender the typological category of gender consists of the notions of of natural (biological sex and the grammatical (formal) gender. the connection of this category with the natural sex is in the fact, that it (this category) denotes the gender (sex) of people, animals and birds. it is displayed by the nouns and pronouns in english. (but in russian it can also be expressed by the the adjectives and the past simple tense form of the verbs.) most of the uzbek grammar books do not contain any information about the category of gender of uzbek nouns, because the authors consider uzbek nouns not to have this category at all. in accordance with their lexical meanings the nouns of the comparing nouns may be classed as belonging to the masculine, feminine and neuter genders. names of male beings are usually masculine (e.g.: man, husband, boy, son, nephew, …

tical and lexical. morphological way of expressing the category of gender is realised by adding suffixes of gender to the stem of the word. it is a highly developed way of expressing gender in russian by means of suffixes ending in: a) consonants to be masculine, e.g.: дом, стол, праздник; b) vowels as -а, -я to be feminine. e.g.: мама, старуха, тетя; c) vowels -о, -е to be neuter. e.g.: ружьё, море, окно и т.п. english has the only suffix -ess which is used to denote feminine gender. e.g.: host-ess, actr-ess, waitr-ess, princ-ess, lion-ess, tiger-ess. feminine gender in uzbek may often be expressed by means of the suffix -а which is supposed to be of arabic origin. e.g.: - раис-а, вазир-а, шоир-а, муаллим-а, котиб-а etc. in order to denote the gender syntactic way is also possible. in this case different kinds of combinations of words are formed in which adjunct …

ns of ‘she’. this fact is usually called personification. e.g.: a. sam joined the famous whaler ‘globe’. she was a ship on which any young man would be proud to sail. b. england prides herself with her greenness and tidiness. such nouns as ‘storm, thunder, wind, war, death, grave’ are treated as masculine gender. nouns like ‘nature, country, mercy, faith, hope, modesty’ are used as feminine gender. cf.: он работал_ he worked она работала }- she worked } - у ишлади оно работало it worked typological category of plurality the system of grammatical forms expressing grammatical degree (number) is termed (called) the category of plurality. this category. in comparing languages the formants indicating this category are usually added to the stem of nouns (or pronouns). we should distinguish the logical number (degree) and grammatical number. from the logical point of view proper nouns usually denote a single thing or a …

nouns. uzbek nouns and pronouns usually denote this number by means of suffix -лар (e.g. одам-лар, муттаҳам-лар) which can sometimes be used also to denote respect to a person who is spoken about. e.g.: дадамлар келдилар. (but you have to keep in mind that you can’t have more than one father). english nouns can express the notion of plurality in the following ways: a) by means of suffixes : -s, -es (wife-wives, head-heads), -en (ox-oxen, child-children, brother-brethren); -a datum-data, sanatorium -sanatoria, phenomenon- phenomena) etc. b) by changing the root vowel (man-men, goose-geese) plurality of verbs. the english verbs can denote the notion of plurality in the following ways: a) by opposing the finite verbs in the third person singular to the other forms with zero morpheme: live-s - live# b) by means of suppletive forms of auxiliary verbs: am, is-are; was-were; have-has -had the uzbek verbs usually express plurality by …

китувчи» т. 1972 г. 4. reference guide to english, alice maclin, usa washington 1994 5. improve your sentence, ann m. sala, mccraw-hill, usa. 1999y 6. language for daily use mildred a dawson new york, 2001y 7. new english voyages in english, francis b. connors, loyola university. press, chicago 1991y 8. writing skills, suzanne chance, clencoe, mccraw-hill. new york 9. reading and writing, natasha haugnes 10. contemporary english, mechella perrott, contemporary publisher group, illinois usa. 11. beginning english writing skills, mone scherago, national textbook company, illinois usa. 12. lectures of comparative typology, c. satimov, m. просвещениею 1991 г. 13. comparative typology v.d. arakin, m. «prosveshenie» 1991 14. comparative grammar, j.i.

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1451619508_62793.doc typological category of gender the typological category of gender consists of the notions of of natural (biological sex and the grammatical (formal) gender. the connection of this category with the natural sex is in the fact, that it (this category) denotes the gender (sex) of people, animals and birds. it is displayed by the nouns and pronouns in english. (but in russian it can also be expressed by the the adjectives and the past simple tense form of the verbs.) most of the uzbek grammar books do not contain any information about the category of gender of uzbek nouns, because the authors consider uzbek nouns not to have this category at all. in accordance with their lexical meanings the …

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