modern english lexicology

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powerpoint presentation lecture 16: the english language varieties 1.the main variants of the english language 2. british english as the national language and its influence on other variants 3. local dialects in the british isles 4. american english and its dialects 5. major differences of english variants from standard english every language allows different kinds of variations: old and modern, geographical and territorial, functional and stylistic, written and spoken forms of the standard national language. in the modern world for historical, economic, cultural and political reasons the english language has spread over vast territories. it is the national language of the united kingdom, the usa, australia, new zealand and some provinces of canada. it is the official language in wales, scotland, in gibraltar and on the island of malta. english is now the dominant or official language in over 60 countries, and is represented on every continent; in four continents- …

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xisting outside the british isles (american english, canadian english, new zealand english, south african english and indian english). be is often referred to the written standard english and the pronunciation known as received pronunciation (rp); besides british english, there are two other variants of the english language existing on the territory of the united kingdom, which have a special linguistic status: scottish english and irish english. welsh are known as bilingual speakers, but welsh words are inserted where english does not have an equivalent notion: bach, del, clenning, etc. it has a long tradition of the written and spoken variety; pronunciation, grammar and lexis differ from other varieties of english existing on the territory of the british isles; it can be explained by its history and aspirations for independence; the identity of scottish english reflects an institutionalized social structure, as it is most noticeable in the realm of law, local …

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believe strongly’; bold – ‘naughty’; the presence of words typical only of irish english (the so-called irishisms), e.g. begorrah – ‘by god’; american english is the variety of the english language spoken in the usa. the vocabulary used by american speakers has distinctive features, so typically american lexemes are called americanisms; a) historical americanisms: fall – ‘autumn’; to guess – ‘to think’; b) proper americanisms: not discovered in british vocabulary: redbud – ‘an american tree having small budlike pink flowers’; blue-grass – ‘a sort of grass peculiar to north america’. as is well known the english language was brought to the american continent at the beginning of the 17th century and to australia at the end of the 18th century as a result of the expansion of british colonialism. the american variant of the english language differs from british english in pronunciation, some minor features of grammar, spelling standards and …

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ses where same words have different meanings: homely in br.e. means ‘home-loving’ in am.e. “unattractive in appearance’. cases where there are no equivalent words in one of the variants, e.g. drive-in is used only in am.e. denoting ‘a cinema or restaurant that one can visit without leaving one’s car’. cases where the convocational aspect of meaning comes to the fore. the word politician in br.e. means ‘a person who is professionally involved in politics’, whereas in am.e. the word is derogatory as it means ‘a person who acts in a manipulative way, typically to gain advancement within an organization’. such affixes as –ee, -ster, -super are more frequent in ame: draftee – ‘a young man about to be enlisted”, roadster – ‘motor-car for long journeys by road’, ame sometimes favours words that are morphologically more complex: transportation – transport (bre). in some cases the formation of words by means of …

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canadianisms, e.g. parkade – ‘parking garage’; chesterfield – ‘a sofa, couch’; to fathom out – ‘to explain’, to table a document – ‘to present it’, whereas in american english it means ‘to withdraw it from consideration’. ause is similar to british english, but also borrows from american english, e.g. truck is used instead of lorry. it is most similar to new zealand english. uniquely australian terms: outback – remote regional areas; walkabout – a long journey of certain length; bush – native forested areas. australian english has a unique set of diminutives formed by adding –o or –ie to the ends of words: arvo (afternoon), servo (service station), barbie (barbecue), bikkie (biscuit). a very common feature of traditional australian english is rhyming slang based on cockney rhyming slang and imported by migrants from london in the 19th century. nze is the variety of the english language spoken in new zealand …

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powerpoint presentation lecture 16: the english language varieties 1.the main variants of the english language 2. british english as the national language and its influence on other variants 3. local dialects in the british isles 4. american english and its dialects 5. major differences of english variants from standard english every language allows different kinds of variations: old and modern, geographical and territorial, functional and stylistic, written and spoken forms of the standard national language. in the modern world for historical, economic, cultural and political reasons the english language has spread over vast territories. it is the national language of the united kingdom, the usa, australia, new zealand and some provinces of canada. it is the official language in wales, …

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