modern english lexicology lecture 10

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modern english lexicology lecture 10 compounding as a major type of word formation modern english lexicology lecture 10 compounding as a major type of word formation plan of the lecture: 1. definition of compounds and ways of their formation 2. the semantic and structural motivation in compounds 3. coordinative and subordinate compounds 4. classification of compounds according to different criteria 5. correlation between compounds and phraseological units compound words compound words are made up by joining two or more stems. for example, taxi-driver, music-box, keyboard, blue-eyed, cross-legged, lop-sided, bookcase, looking glass, etc. word-composition, or compounding is a distinct type of words made up by joining together two stems (mostly stems of notional parts of speech. generally, a compound-member cannot, like a word in a phrase, serve as a constituent in a syntactic construction. the word «black» in the phrase «black birds» can be modified by «very (very black birds)», but …

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ic groups and semantic sets within them 1) compound words denoting action described as to its agent, e.g. sunrise, earthquake, handshake 2) compounds denoting action described as to its time or place, e.g. day-flight, street-fight 3) compounds denoting individual objects designed for some goal, e.g. bird-cage, table-cloth, diving-suit 4) compounds denoting objects that are parts of the whole, e.g. shirt-collar, eye-ball 5) compounds denoting active doers, e.g. book-reader, shoe-maker, globe-trotter the bulk of compound words are monosemantic and motivated but motivation in compounds like in all derivatives varies in degree. compounds that are completely motivated sky-blue, foot-pump, tea-taster motivation in compound words may be partial compound words a hand-bag, a flowerbed, handcuffs, a castle-builder are all only partially motivated, but still the degree of transparency of their meanings is different: in a hand-bag it is the highest as it is essentially ‘a bag’, whereas handcuffs retain only a resemblance to …

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done to deceive somebody’ (colloq.); an eyeopener: 1) ‘enlightening or surprising circumstance’ (colloq.) and 2) ‘a drink of liquor taken early in the day’ (u.s.) note that english actually distinguishes the compositional phrase black board from the idiomatic word blackboard. not only is the idiom written as one word (a relatively trivial writing convention); it is stressed on the first element rather than the second, as would be normal for non-idiomatic adjective + noun phrases. this is also true for other similar examples: greenhouse vs. green house, bluebird vs. blue bird, softball vs. soft ball. english also has a number of highly idiomatic noun + noun phrases. a couch potato is not a potato at all but a person who spends a lot time on the couch. a bookworm is not a worm but a person who loves books. both of these are examples of metaphoric extensions. from the point …

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mponents are based on the domination of one component over the other. for example, road-building, baby-sitter, woman-doctor. pseudo-compound verbs there are many polymorphic verbs that are represented by morphemic sequences of two root-morphemes, like to weekend, to gooseflesh, to spring-clean, but derivationally they are all words of secondary derivation in which the existing compound nouns only serve as bases for derivation. they are often termed pseudo-compound verbs. such polymorphic verbs are presented by two groups: 1) verbs formed by means of conversion from the stems of compound nouns as in to spotlight from a spotlight, to sidetrack from a side-track, to handcuff from handcuffs, to blacklist from a blacklist, to pinpoint from a pin-point; 2) verbs formed by back-derivation from the stems of compound nouns, e.g. to babysit from a baby-sitter, to playact from play-acting, to housekeep from house-keeping, to spring-clean from spring-cleaning. correlation between compounds and phraseological units the …

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fact that they do not require any explicit way to convey the semantic relationship between their components except their order, are of much wider semantic range, leave more freedom for semantic interpretation and convey meaning in a more compressed and concise way. this makes the meaning of compounds more flexible and situationally derived. it is natural that those types of compound words which do not establish regular correlations and that are marked by a lack or very low degree of motivation must be regarded as unproductive as, for example, compound nouns of the a+n type, e. g. bluebell, blackbird, mad-doctor. thank you for your attention! image2.jpg image3.jpg /docprops/thumbnail.jpeg

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modern english lexicology lecture 10 compounding as a major type of word formation modern english lexicology lecture 10 compounding as a major type of word formation plan of the lecture: 1. definition of compounds and ways of their formation 2. the semantic and structural motivation in compounds 3. coordinative and subordinate compounds 4. classification of compounds according to different criteria 5. correlation between compounds and phraseological units compound words compound words are made up by joining two or more stems. for example, taxi-driver, music-box, keyboard, blue-eyed, cross-legged, lop-sided, bookcase, looking glass, etc. word-composition, or compounding is a distinct type of words made up by joining together two stems (mostly stems of notional parts of speech. generally, a ...

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