phonetical peculiarities of germanic languages

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lectures 3 phonetic peculiarities of germanic languages lectures 3 phonetic peculiarities of germanic languages problems for discussion. the first consonant shift ( grimm's law). verner's law. stress in germanic languages. germanic alphabets. old germanic written records. an essential feature of germanic languages is their consonantal system, namely the result of the so called first consonant shift. the phenomena stated in the law of the first consonant shift were found out by comparative linguistics early in the 19th century. two famous names are to be mentioned in this connection: the danish scholar rasmus christian rask (1787 -1832) and the great german linguist and fairy-tales collector jacob ludwig grimm (1785 - 1863). the earliest statement of the shift was given in the second edition of grimm's work german grammar (deutsche grammatik), which was published in 1822. accordingly the law is also often called grimm's law. it expresses regular correspondences between consonant of …

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greek phrator, russ. брат. goth. brobar. ne. brother, german.bruder. russ. брат. dh > d sansk. madhu, russ. med, lat. medius. oe. medu'mead', goth. midjis. gh >g lat. hostis'enemy'/ goth. gasts, oe.lic3an'lie russian 'гость'/ germ. gast. oe giest. the oldest germanic texts were, as we have pointed out, runic inscriptions, which may date from the 2 nd or 3 rd century. these are, however, short texts which do not yield much information on the structure of old germanic languages. the earliest longer document is ulfilas's gothic bible (4 th century). it has been preserved in several mss, the most famous being the so - called silver code ( codex argenteus ) of the 6 th century, no in the university library at uppsala (sweden). verner's law. another important series of consonant changes in germanic languages was discovered in the late 19th century by the danish scholar carl verner. they are known …

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em goth.sibun, oe seofon t> 0 > d, d lat. pater. goth. fader oe fader ne father. k> h,x > g. cunctari oe. han3ian oe. swe3er s > z lat. auris, goth. auso, oe eare. verner's law, stating connection between the consonant system of germanic languages and the conditions of stress, gives rise to another question, which is fundamental for the problem of the origin of germanic languages. in all extant old germanic texts the stress falls on the initial syllable (the root syllable) of each word. this is clear, on the one hand, from the treatment of unstressed vowels of endings, and on the other, from alliteration. however, verner's law, based on a comparison of germanic words with their greek, sanskrit, and slavonic counterparts, shows that in some cases the root vowel in germanic languages was originally unstressed. this leads to the inevitable conclusion that originally stress in germanic …

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er italic alphabet close to the latin. namely writing at the time did not mean putting a colour or paint on some surface: it meant cutting letters into wood or engraving them on stone, bone or metal. in runic horizontal lines would be tilted upwards or downwards and curves would be replaced by broken lines. in accordance with these principles, latin e becomes m, h becomes , s becomes etc. latin letter d yielded the runic letter, which was used to denote a dental fricative [0] in mne think, thought. just when and where the runic alphabet was created is not known. it is supposed that it originated at some time in the 2 nd and 3 rd century ad., somewhere on the rhine or the danube, where germanic tribes came into contact with the roman culture. the earliest runic inscriptions appear to belong to this time. the runic alphabet …

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nce been derived from latin d, was used. the codex argenteus, or the silver book in uppsala university library, is one of the oldest and most extensive examples of the gothic language today. in swedish, the book is called silverbibeln, or the silver bible. image5.png media1.mp4 image6.png media2.mp4 image7.png image8.png image9.png image10.png image11.png image12.png image13.png image14.png image3.png /docprops/thumbnail.jpeg

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lectures 3 phonetic peculiarities of germanic languages lectures 3 phonetic peculiarities of germanic languages problems for discussion. the first consonant shift ( grimm's law). verner's law. stress in germanic languages. germanic alphabets. old germanic written records. an essential feature of germanic languages is their consonantal system, namely the result of the so called first consonant shift. the phenomena stated in the law of the first consonant shift were found out by comparative linguistics early in the 19th century. two famous names are to be mentioned in this connection: the danish scholar rasmus christian rask (1787 -1832) and the great german linguist and fairy-tales collector jacob ludwig grimm (1785 - 1863). the earliest statement of the shift was given in the …

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