west germanic languages

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1411364643_59201.doc west germanic languages plan: · 1 history · 2 family tree · 3 comparison 4 references the west germanic languages constitute the largest of the three traditional branches of thegermanic family of languages and include languages such as german, english, dutch,afrikaans, the frisian languages, and yiddish. the other two of these three traditional branches of the germanic languages are the north and east germanic languages. history origins and characteristics simplified diagram of the modern west germanic languages the germanic languages are traditionally divided into three groups: west, east and north germanic.migration period their exact relation is difficult to determine from the sparse evidence of runic inscriptions, and they remained mutually intelligible throughout the , so that some individual varieties are difficult to classify. dialects with the features assigned to the western group formed from proto-germanic in the late jastorf culture (ca. 1st century bc). the west germanic group is …

rmanic languages descend from a common ancestor later than proto-germanic, that is, they doubt whether a "proto-west-germanic" ever existed.northwest germanic rather, some have argued that after east germanic broke off from the group, the remaining germanic languages, the languages, divided into four main dialects: north germanic, and the three groups conventionally called "west germanic", namely 1. north sea germanic (ingvaeonic, ancestral to anglo-frisian and low german) 2. weser-rhine germanic (istvaeonic, ancestral to low franconian) 3. elbe germanic (irminonic, ancestral to high german) evidence for this view comes from a number of linguistic innovations found in both north germanic and west germanic, including: · the lowering of proto-germanic ē (/ɛː/, also written ǣ) to ā. · the development of umlaut. · the rhotacism of /z/ to /r/. · the development of the demonstrative pronoun ancestral to english this. under this view, the properties that the west germanic languages have in common …

nt of middle english on one hand, and by the second germanic sound shift on the continent on the other. the high german consonant shift distinguished the high german languages from the other west germanic languages. by early modern times, the span had extended into considerable differences, ranging from highest alemannic in the south (the walliser dialect being the southernmost surviving german dialect) to northern low saxon in the north. although both extremes are considered german, they are not mutually intelligible. the southernmost varieties have completed the second sound shift, while the northern dialects remained unaffected by the consonant shift. of modern german varieties, low german is the one that most resembles modern english. the district of angeln (or anglia), from which the name english derives, is in the extreme northern part of germany between the danish border and the baltic coast. the area of the saxons (parts of today's …

ing some closely related word-forms, as descended from the proto-germanic roots *se/*þe, *hwa, and *he, within the three main west germanic languages (english, dutch, and high german). (note: the proto-germanic roots given here are simplifications of three sets of related roots that were similar in form, in that they either shared the same initial consonant sound or, in the case of *se/*þe, alternated between two consonants.) comparison table of words derived from three roots in modern west germanic languages description english dutch german from *se/*þe from *hwa from *he from *se/*þe from *hwa from *he from *se/*þe from *hwa from *he nominative masc. the who he de wie hij, ie der wer er neuter that what it dat wat het das was es fem. she (who) me/dial.hoo zij, ze (wie) sie, die (wer) plural they (who) zij, ze (wie) sie, die (wer) demonstrative this dit, deze dies- adverbial/nominal so, thus …

ford university press. isbn 0-8047-2221-8. 3. ^ kuhn, hans (1955–56). "zur gliederung der germanischen sprachen". zeitschrift für deutsches altertum und deutsche literatur 86: 1–47. 4. but see cercignani, fausto, indo-european ē in germanic, in «zeitschrift für vergleichende sprachforschung», 86/1, 1972, pp. 104-110. 5. graeme davis (2006:154) notes "the languages of the germanic group in the old period are much closer than has previously been noted. indeed it would not be inappropriate to regard them as dialects of one language. they are undoubtedly far closer one to another than are the various dialects of modern chinese, for example. a reasonable modern analogy might be arabic, where considerable dialectical diversity exists but within the concept of a single arabic language." in: davis, graeme (2006). comparative syntax of old english and old icelandic: linguistic, literary and historical implications. bern: peter lang. isbn 3-03910-270-2. 6. "wien" was still in use in the 19th century …

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1411364643_59201.doc west germanic languages plan: · 1 history · 2 family tree · 3 comparison 4 references the west germanic languages constitute the largest of the three traditional branches of thegermanic family of languages and include languages such as german, english, dutch,afrikaans, the frisian languages, and yiddish. the other two of these three traditional branches of the germanic languages are the north and east germanic languages. history origins and characteristics simplified diagram of the modern west germanic languages the germanic languages are traditionally divided into three groups: west, east and north germanic.migration period their exact relation is difficult to determine from the sparse evidence of runic inscriptions, and they remained mutually intelligible throughout ...

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