reported speech

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reported speech direct speech in direct speech we usually put a comma between the reporting clause and the reported clause. the words of the original speaker are enclosed in inverted commas, either single (‘…’) or double (“…”). if the reported clause comes first, we put the comma inside the inverted commas: “i couldn’t sleep last night,” he said. rita said, ‘i don’t need you any more.’ if the direct speech is a question or exclamation, we use a question mark or exclamation mark, not a comma: ‘is there a reason for this?’ she asked. “i hate you!” he shouted. we sometimes use a colon (:) between the reporting clause and the reported clause when the reporting clause is first: the officer replied: ‘it is not possible to see the general. he’s busy.’ indirect speech warning: in indirect speech it is more common for the reporting clause to come first. when …
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he told. in indirect speech, say and tell are both common as reporting verbs. we don’t use an indirect object with say, but we always use an indirect object (underlined) with tell: he said he was moving to new zealand. not: he said me he was moving to new zealand. he told me he was moving to new zealand. not: he told he was moving to new zealand. we use say, but not tell, to report questions: ‘are you going now?’ she said. not: ‘are you going now?’ she told me. we use say, not tell, to report greetings, congratulations and other wishes: ‘happy birthday!’ she said. not: happy birthday!’ she told me. everyone said good luck to me as i went into the interview. not: everyone told me good luck …

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reported speech direct speech in direct speech we usually put a comma between the reporting clause and the reported clause. the words of the original speaker are enclosed in inverted commas, either single (‘…’) or double (“…”). if the reported clause comes first, we put the comma inside the inverted commas: “i couldn’t sleep last night,” he said. rita said, ‘i don’t need you any more.’ if the direct speech is a question or exclamation, we use a question mark or exclamation mark, not a comma: ‘is there a reason for this?’ she asked. “i hate you!” he shouted. we sometimes use a colon (:) between the reporting clause and the reported clause when the reporting clause is first: the …

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