reported speech: statements, questions and commands

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powerpoint presentation reported speech: statements, questions and commands asadova dilfuza 1. reporting statements 2. reporting questions 3. reporting commands plan: present simple verbs in direct speech often change to past simple (e.g., "i go" becomes "he said he went") in reported speech, representing a shift from the speaker's present to the reporter's past perspective perfect tenses, such as present perfect ("i have gone"), often shift to past perfect ("he said he had gone") in reported speech to maintain the temporal relationship; the action remains prior to the reporting verb. future simple tenses (e.g., "i will go") typically become conditional simple ("he said he would go") in reported speech, reflecting the shift in time and a change from a future event to a reported future possibility from the past. tense changes in reported speech introduction to reported speech accurate reporting requires careful attention to tense changes (e.g., present simple to past …

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llows the same general rules as statements: past simple in the reporting clause often leads to a past perfect infinitive in the reported clause, reflecting a time difference of approximately 2-3 time units common errors and practice many learners forget to change pronouns and possessive adjectives (e.g., "my" to "his/her") which creates ambiguity and undermines the accuracy of reported speech in at least 25% of cases. incorrect tense shifts are a frequent error; remember to shift verbs back one tense (e.g., present simple to past simple) in reported speech, accounting for 30-40% of student mistakes. failing to adjust time expressions (e.g., "tomorrow" to "the next day," "here" to "there") is a common mistake affecting the overall coherence and logical flow of around 15-20% of reported speech exercises. changes in pronouns and time/place adverbs the tense shift in reported speech, affecting verbs, also impacts time expressions. phrases like "this week" or …

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ay." when reporting statements, tense changes are crucial; present simple becomes past simple (e.g., "he says" changes to "he said"), and present perfect often shifts to past perfect. reporting questions reporting yes/no questions involves changing the word order to a statement structure and using reporting verbs like "asked if" or "enquired whether," followed by the reported clause. the tense shift typically applies, following standard reported speech rules. when reporting questions, the original punctuation (question mark) is replaced by a full stop (period). remember that embedding a question within a statement requires grammatical adjustments such as using a conjunction like "that" or "if". indirect questions, formed from wh-questions, maintain the original wh-word but change to a statement structure. for example, "where is it?" becomes "he asked where it was." note the alteration of verb tense and pronoun. thank you for your attention @taqdimot_robot

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powerpoint presentation reported speech: statements, questions and commands asadova dilfuza 1. reporting statements 2. reporting questions 3. reporting commands plan: present simple verbs in direct speech often change to past simple (e.g., "i go" becomes "he said he went") in reported speech, representing a shift from the speaker's present to the reporter's past perspective perfect tenses, such as present perfect ("i have gone"), often shift to past perfect ("he said he had gone") in reported speech to maintain the temporal relationship; the action remains prior to the reporting verb. future simple tenses (e.g., "i will go") typically become conditional simple ("he said he would go") in reported speech, reflecting the shift in time and a change from a future event …

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