hepatitis viruses

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powerpoint presentation - mm 445 lecture 3 chair of microbiology, virology, and immunology hepatitis viruses characteristics of human hepatitis viruses virus family/ genus size/ genome length of incubation mechanism of transmission vaccine hav picornaviridae / hepatovirus 72 27-30 nm, single-stranged rna 15-40 days mostly oral-fecal yes hbv hepadnaviridae / hepadnavirus 142 nm, circular double-stranged dna 50-180 days parenteral recom-binant subunit vaccine hcv flaviviridae 30-50 nm single-stranged rna 14-28 days parenteral, likely other sources no hdv unclassified 35-40 nm single-stranged rna 50 180 days* parenteral transmission no hev caliciviridae 27 34 nm single-stranged rna 6 weeks oral-fecal no hav prevalence high intermediate low very low global prevalence of hepatitis a infection hepatitis a virus virus hepatitis a family picornaviridae genus hepatovirus virion 27 nm icosahedral envelope no genome ssrna genome size 7,5kb stability heat- and acid-stable transmission fecal-oral prevalence high fulminant disease rare chronic disease never oncogenic no hepatitis a virus …

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tained from a polluted river. fecal-oral contamination of food or water food handlers raw shellfish travel to endemic areas close personal contact household or sexual contact daycare centers blood-borne (rare) injecting drug users hepatitis a transmission slide 45 routes of hepatitis a transmission hepatitis a is transmitted primarily via the fecal-oral route by either ingestion of contaminated food or water or person-to-person contact with an individual with acute hav infection. examples of fecal-oral transmission from ingestion of contaminated food or water include travel of susceptible individuals to endemic areas of infection, epidemics of infection resulting from ingestion of contaminated shellfish, and epidemics of infection from ingestion of food contaminated by infected food handlers. person-to-person transmission occurs most commonly within families and among children in day care centers. sexual transmission occurs most frequently between men who have sex with men. blood-borne transmission, although unusual, does occur, primarily in hemophiliacs and injection …

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days range 15-50 days jaundice by 14 yrs, 70%-80% complications: fulminant hepatitis cholestatic hepatitis relapsing hepatitis chronic sequelae: none 7 concentration of hepatitis a virus in various body fluids feces serum saliva urine body fluid infectious doses per ml 100 102 104 106 108 1010 10 asymptomatic (anicteric) disease children under 6 years of age, > 90% children from 6-14 years old, 40-50% symptomatic (icteric) disease adults and children over 14, 70-80% clinical variants of hepatitis a infection slide 47 clinical variants of hepatitis a infection hepatitis a infection can result in either an asymptomatic or symptomatic clinical illness. the illness typically has an abrupt onset with symptoms that can include transient fever, malaise, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and jaundice. the likelihood of symptoms and jaundice are related to the patient’s age. fewer than 10% of children under 6 years of age have jaundice. in contrast, over two-thirds of …

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ection infection is usually self limiting, complete resolution in 6 months however, when infected 5% adults chronic carriers 20% children chronic carriers 80-90% neonates and infants become chronic carriers 37 hbv - diagnosis acute infection 0 2 4 6 hbsag anti-hbs anti-hbc anti-hbc igm months years hbeag hbv dna anti-hbe slide 80 serological markers of acute hbv infection incubation period of hbv infection ranges from 60 to 180 days. hbsag is the first serological marker of acute hbv infection. early in the course of acute hbv infection, markers of active viral replication (hbeag and hbv dna), are also detectable. as the patients recover, serum hbv dna level markedly decrease but may remain detectable by pcr assay for up to several decades, hbeag to anti-hbe seroconversion occurs and finally hbsag becomes undetectable. persistence of hbsag for more than 6 months indicates progression to chronic hbv infection. anti-hbc igm is the first …

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core igm to clarify. the igm will be positive , if acute. practice hbv - vaccine vaccine age group dose volume # doses (μg) (ml) engerix-b 0-19 yr 10 0.5 3 (mo 0,1,6)  20 yr 20 1.0 3 (mo 0,1,6) adults on hemodialysis 40 2.0 4 (mo 0,1,2,6) recombivax hb 0-19 yr 5 0.5 3 (mo 0,1,6)  20 yr 10 1.0 3 (mo 0,1,6) (optional 2-dose) 11-15 yr 10 1.0 2 (mo 0, 4-6) adults on hemodialysis 40 1.0* 3 (mo 0,1,6) slide 95 dose schedule of hbv vaccine two recombinant hbv vaccines are currently available in the united states: engerix-b (glaxosmithkline biologicals) and recombivax hb (merck & co., inc.). the two vaccines can be used inter-changeably. conventional 3-dose schedules include injections at 0, 1, and 6 months for immunocompetent people. the dose recommended for children and adolescents is lower while that for immunocompromised adults such as dialysis …

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powerpoint presentation - mm 445 lecture 3 chair of microbiology, virology, and immunology hepatitis viruses characteristics of human hepatitis viruses virus family/ genus size/ genome length of incubation mechanism of transmission vaccine hav picornaviridae / hepatovirus 72 27-30 nm, single-stranged rna 15-40 days mostly oral-fecal yes hbv hepadnaviridae / hepadnavirus 142 nm, circular double-stranged dna 50-180 days parenteral recom-binant subunit vaccine hcv flaviviridae 30-50 nm single-stranged rna 14-28 days parenteral, likely other sources no hdv unclassified 35-40 nm single-stranged rna 50 180 days* parenteral transmission no hev caliciviridae 27 34 nm single-stranged rna 6 weeks oral-fecal no hav prevalence high intermediate low very low global prevalence of hepatitis a infection h...

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