morphology and physiology of viruses

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слайд 1 viruses are small obligate intracellular parasites, which by definition contain either a rna or dna genome surrounded by a protective, virus-coded protein coat. viruses may be viewed as mobile genetic elements, most probably of cellular origin and characterized by a long co-evolution of virus and host. viruses are unable to generate energy. as obligate intracellular parasites, during replication, they fully depend on the complicated biochemical machinery of eukaryotic or prokaryotic cells. capsid: the symmetric protein shell that encloses the nucleic acid genome. often, empty capsids are by-products of the viral replicative cycle. nucleocapsid: the capsid together with the enclosed nucleic acid. structural units: the basic protein building blocks of the capsid. capsomeres: morphologic units seen in the electron microscope on the surface of virus particles. capsomeres represent clusters of polypeptides, which when completely assembled form the capsid. some useful definitions in virology * fig06.04b * * * * …

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ion 3 viral genome cut edge of host cytoplasmic membrane 1 entry of animal viruses – direct penetration * viral glycoproteins 1 receptors on cytoplasmic membrane viral glycoproteins remain in cytoplasmic membrane viral genome uncoating capsid (b) membrane fusion 2 3 4 5 envelope entry of animal viruses – membrane fusion * 1 uncoating capsid (c) phagocytosis 2 3 4 5 6 cytoplasmic membrane engulfs virus entry of animal viruses – phagocytosis * 1 budding of envelped virus 2 3 4 5 enveloped virion viral glycoproteins cross section of host cytoplasmic membrane viral capsid release of animal viruses - budding * virus (phage) life cycle synthesis of viral components phage maturation and release adsorption (docking) and penetration viral replication plaque assay of bacteriophage. a phage culture is diluted and samples of each dilution are mixed with host cells and plated onto the surface of agar medium. after a time a …

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in laboratory animals;2 – virus isolation in chick embrio; 3 - virus isolation in cell culture v i r u s i s o l a t i o n infection of animals remove the mouse brain intracerebral administration intravenous types of cell culture cytopathic effect (cpe) of viruses morphological changes in the cultured cell in which they grow. primary monkey kidney cell culture, human amnion cell culture, chick embryo fibroblast cell culture continuous hela, hep 2, kb, dеtrоit-6 diploid imr-90, j enzyme time subculture primary cell time +enzyme classification by symptomatology a. generalized diseases: diseases in which virus is spread throughout the body via the bloodstream and in which multiple organs are affected. skin rashes may occur. these include smallpox, vaccinia, measles, rubella, chickenpox, yellow fever, dengue, enteroviruses, hiv. b. diseases primarily affecting specific organs: the virus may spread to the organ through the bloodstream, along the peripheral nerves, …

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lluscum contagiosum virus, and probably cytomegalovirus are all venereal pathogens. haemagglutination rbc titer = 32 ha units/ml hemagglutination test 1:8 1:2 1:2 1:2 1:2 1:2 8 16 32 64 128 256 virus serial dilution mix with red blood cells side view top view hemadsorbtion makes red blood cells plaque formation test 1:100 1:10 1:10 1:10 1:10 1:10 10-2 10-3 10-4 10-5 10-6 10-7 virus serial dilution plate 1 ml plaque 100 10 1 (1000) (100,000) (10,000) titer = 1 x 107 pfu/ml antibody detection

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слайд 1 viruses are small obligate intracellular parasites, which by definition contain either a rna or dna genome surrounded by a protective, virus-coded protein coat. viruses may be viewed as mobile genetic elements, most probably of cellular origin and characterized by a long co-evolution of virus and host. viruses are unable to generate energy. as obligate intracellular parasites, during replication, they fully depend on the complicated biochemical machinery of eukaryotic or prokaryotic cells. capsid: the symmetric protein shell that encloses the nucleic acid genome. often, empty capsids are by-products of the viral replicative cycle. nucleocapsid: the capsid together with the enclosed nucleic acid. structural units: the basic protein building blocks of the capsid. capsomeres: morpholo...

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