physiology of vision

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$008-vision.ppt physiology of vision sinan canan, phd sinancanan@gmail.com www.sinancanan.net vision: a visual representation of reality optics of vision – refraction • refractive power – dioptre • 1/(focal length; f) • f = 1 m; 1 dioptre • f = 0.5 m; 2 dioptres • f = 5 m; 0.2 dioptres • negative power for concave lensest • path of light in the eye: • cornea (2/3 of the refractive power!) • aqueous humor • lens • vitrous humor • retina optics of vision eye as a “camera” • “reduced eye” (accomodated for distant vision) • total refractive power = 59 dioptres • lens – 20-34 dioptres (accomodation) aqueous humor and the lens aköz (aqueous) humor ve mercek fluid system of the eye • intraocular pressure • 12-20 (mean: 15) mmhg • pathological increase (glucome) – loss of sight – blindness! accomodation accomodation (video) physical imperfections of lenses • chromatic abberation …$

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en ve blue • intracellular discs: visual pigments • pigmented epithlial layer • melanine granules • prevents reflection retina retina retina retina pigment layer photoreceptor layerı (“cones” and “rods”) external limiting lamina outer nuclear layer outer pelxiform layer inner nuclear layer inner plexiform layer ganglion layer inner limiting lamina light retina: detaylar pigment layer photoreceptor layer outer limiting lamina outer nuclear layer outer plexiform layer inner nuclear layer innr plexiform layer ganglion layer inner limiting lamina light retina: photoreceptors retina: photoreceptors phototransduction (conversion of light to nerve signal) na+ phototransduction (conversion of light to nerve signal) phototransduction (conversion of light to nerve signal) • rhodopsin phototransduction (conversion of light to nerve signal) light change in photopigment metarodhopsin ii activation of transducin ( g-protein) activation of phosphdiestrases decreased cgmp closure of na channels hyperpolarization, decreased release of nts action potential… phototransduction (conversion of light to nerve signal) retinal receptor density fovea …

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n cells: • w: 40%; 8m/sec, large reseptive areas [coarse vision, detection of movement direction] • x: 55%; 14m/sec, small receptive areas [sharp vision, color vision] • y: 5%; 50m/sec, large receptive areas [detection of rapid changes in viasual field] ganglion cells color perception – color consistency color perception – color consistency renk algılanması – renk tutarlılığı mavi kırmızı sarı kırmızı renk algılanması – renk tutarlılığı mavi kırmızı sarı kırmızı vision pathways vision pathways – visual cortex light and biorhythms – melanopsin cells belenky, m.a., smeraski, c.a., provencio i., sollars, p.j. and pickard, g.e. (2003) melanopsin retinal ganglion cells receive bipolar and amacrine cell synapses. j. comp. neurol., 460, 380-393. finished... 

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008-vision.ppt physiology of vision sinan canan, phd sinancanan@gmail.com www.sinancanan.net vision: a visual representation of reality optics of vision – refraction • refractive power – dioptre • 1/(focal length; f) • f = 1 m; 1 dioptre • f = 0.5 m; 2 dioptres • f = 5 m; 0.2 dioptres • negative power for concave lensest • path of light in the eye: • cornea (2/3 of the refractive power!) • aqueous humor • lens • vitrous humor • retina optics of vision eye as a “camera” • “reduced eye” (accomodated for distant vision) • total refractive power = 59 dioptres • lens – 20-34 dioptres (accomodation) aqueous humor and the lens aköz (aqueous) humor ve mercek fluid system of …

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