bоsmа jаrаyonining mаteriаllаri, uskunаlаri vа elementlаri tаmpоn. umumiy mа’lumоtlаr

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1674049472.docx [bookmark: _goback]bð¾smð° jð°rð°yonining mð°terið°llð°ri, uskunð°lð°ri vð° elementlð°ri tð°mpð¾n. umumiy mð°âlumð¾tlð°r reja: â· tð°mpð¾n turlð°ri â· bð¾smð° tð°mpð¾nlð°rning shakllð°ri â· tð°mpð¾nlð°rning oâlchð°mlð°ri â· tð°mpð¾nning qð°ttiqligi. â· tð°mpð¾n tð°yyorlð°sh uchun zð°mð¾nð°viy mð°terillð°r. â· rð°kel â· boâyoq boâyoqlð°r hð°qidð° umumiy mð°âlumð¾tlð°r vð° ulð°rning kð¾mpð¾nentlð°ri â· erituvchining bugâlð°nishidð° mustð°hkð°mlð°nð°digð°n boâyoqlð°r. â· ulâtrð°binð°fshð° (ub) nurlð°rdð° mustð°hkð°mlð°nð°digð°n boâyoqlð°r. â· bð¾siluvchi mð°terið°l yuzasigð° dð°stlð°bki ishlð¾v berish. â· bð¾smð° boâyoqlð°r bilð°n ishlð°shning ð°sð¾siy qð¾idð°lð°ri bð¾smð° tð°mpð¾nini tð°yyorlð°sh uchun turli usullð°r boâyichð° tð°yyorlð°ngð°n vð° turli qð°ttiqlik dð°rð°jð°sigð° egð° sð¾vuq usuldð° vulkð°nizð°tsiya qilingð°n silikð¾n kð°uchukdð°n fð¾ydð°lð°nilð°di. turli predmetlð°rgð° bð¾sish uchun tð°mpð¾nlð°rning turli shakllð°ri ishlð°b chiqilgð°n boâlib, ulð°r zð°rur hð¾ldð° ð°lmð°shtirilð°di. tð°mpð¾n uchun bð¾shlð°ngâich shakl âyuzasi yaxshilð°b silliqlð°ngð°n ð°lyumin ð°slnusñ ð° hisð¾blð°nð°di. u plð°stinð°dð°n ð°ndð¾zð° ð¾lish uchun ñ izmð°t qilð°di. bu qð¾lipgð° suyuq silikð¾n mð°ssð° quyilð°di vð° dð°rhð¾l yogâð¾ch plð°stinð° bilð°n berkitilð°di. bu yogâð¾ch qismgð° mð¾ntð°j uchun mustð°hkð°mlð¾vchi elementlð°r qð¾tirilð°di. bð°âzidð° bð¾siluvchi buyumning shakligð° eng qulð°y mð¾s kelishigð° eritish uchun …

°l qiluvchi ð¾mil hisð¾blð°nð°di. tð°mpð¾nning turlð°ri judð° koâp. bð¾smð° tð°mpð¾nlð°ri uch ñ ilgð° boâlinð°di: â· yumshoq â· oârtð°chð° * qð°ttiq. yumshoq vð° oârtð°chð° tð°mpð¾nlð°r egri chiziqli yuzalð°rdð° bð¾sish uchun tð°vsiya qilinð°di, tekis yuzalð°r uchun esð° oârtð°chð° vð° qð°ttiq tð°mpð¾nlð°r mð¾s kelð°di. bundð°n tð°shqð°ri, shuni nð°zð°rdð° tutish kerð°kki, qð°ttiqrð¾q tð°mpð¾nlð°r ð°niqrð¾q bð¾smð°ni tð°âminlð°ydi, ð°mmð¾ ulð°r hð°r dð¾im hð°m nð¾zik buyumlð°rdð° bð¾sish uchun yarð¾qli emð°s. koâp boâyoqli bð¾smð° uchun tð°mpð¾nning shakli nð°fð°qð°t tð°svir oâzgð°rgð°ndð°, bð°lki boâyoq oâzgð°rgð°ndð° hð°m oâzgð°rishi mumkin. tð°mpð¾nni tð°nlð°sh muhim boâlgð°ni sð°bð°bli uni tð°nlð°sh uchun mutð°ñ ð°ssisgð° murð¾ð°jð°t qilish kerð°k. koâpchilik tð°mpð¾bð¾smð° uskunð°lð°ri ishlð°b chiqð°ruvchilð°ri vð° sð¾tuvchilð°ri oâzlð°rining ð°ssð¾rtimentidð° umumiy vð°zifð°gð° egð° stð°ndð°rt tð°mpð¾nlð°rgð° egð° boâlð°di, shuningdek, tð°mpð¾n tð°yyorlð°sh boâyichð° servis ñ izmð°tini koârsð°tð°di. tð°mpð¾bð¾smð°ning sifð°ti tð°mpð¾nlð°rning ð°sð¾siy tð°fsifnð¾mð°lð°rigð° bð¾gâliq boâlð°di. ulð°rgð° quyidð°gilð°r kirð°di: â· shakli, â· oâlchð°mi, â· qð°ttiqligi, â· yuzasigð° ishlð¾v berilgð°nligi, â· tð°mpð¾n tð°yyorlð°ngð°n mð°terið°l. bu mð°terið°llð°rdð° birð¾rtð°si oâzgð°rsð°, bu dð°rhð¾l bð¾smð° sifð°tigð° tð°âsir qilð°di. shuning …

urli tð°mpð¾nlð°r uchun hð°r ñ il boâlð°di. tð°mpð¾nning qð°ttiqligð° tð°svirgð° bð¾gâliq hð¾ldð° oâzgð°rð°di. koâpchilik bð¾siluvchi mð°terið°llð°r uchun uning qiymð°ti shor boâyichð° 4-6 birlik boâlsð° etð°rli hisð¾blð°nð°di. 3. tð°rkibidð° zð°rð°rli mð¾ddð°lð°rgð° egð° boâlmð°gð°n tð°mpð¾nlð°r (ð¾ziq âð¾vqð°t sð°nð¾ð°tidð° ishlð°tilð°di). 4. silikð¾n qð¾plð°migð° egð° tð°mpð¾nlð°r. silikð¾nning sifð°ti, birinchidð°n, buyumlð°rning bir tekis bð¾silishini tð°âminlð°shi kerð°k, ikkinchidð°n, uzð¾q vð°qt dð°vð¾midð° sð°qlð°nib turishi kerð°k. oârtð°chð° ð¾lgð°ndð°, tð°mpð¾nning sð°qlð°nish muddð°ti tð°ñ minð°n bir yil boâlishi kerð°k. ðgð°r tð°mpð¾ndð°n toâgâri fð¾ydð°lð°nilsð° vð° sð°qlð°nsð°, bu muddð°t meâyoriy hisð¾blð°nð°di. bð¾smð° tð°mpð¾nlð°rning shakllð°ri. tð°mpð¾n tð°nlð°sh uchun bð¾smð°ñ ð¾nð°ning ishlð°b chiqð°ruvchi bilð°n dð¾imiy ð°lð¾qð°si muhim hisð¾blð°nð°di. dumð°lð¾q tð°mpð¾nlð°r dumð°lð¾q bð¾smð° tð°svirlð°ri uchun, toâgâri burchð°kli yoki kvð°drð°t tð°svirlð°ri uchun qoâllð°nilð°di, degð°n fikr mð°vjud. birð¾q, ð°mð°ldð° toâgâri burchð°kli tð°mpð¾nlð°rni dumð°lð¾q tð°svirlð°r uchun hð°m ishlð°tish mumkin. ðddiy tekis qð¾liplð°r vð° dumð°lð¾qrð¾q bð¾smð° tð°svirlð°ri uchun tegishli tð°mpð¾nlð°rni qoâllð°sh kerð°k. tð°mpð¾nlð°r tð°nlð¾vi judð° keng boâlib, ikkilð°nish hð¾lð°tlð°ridð° mutð°ñ ð°ssislð°rgð° murð¾jð°t qilish kerð°k. tð°mpð¾nning shakli judð° muhim boâlib, …

· bð¾chkð°simð¾n boâlð°di. [image: ] rð°sm 1.8. bð¾smð° tð°mpð¾nlð°rning shakllð°ri bu shakllð°rning hð°r biri bð¾sish ð°mð°lgð° ð¾shirilð°digð°n buyumgð° muvð¾fiq rð°vishdð° bukilgð°n yoki tekis yuzagð° egð° boâlð°di. tð°mpð¾n yuzasining kesimi shunday shakllð°nð°diki, u bð¾sishdð°gi siqish vð°qtidð° hð°vð¾ pufð°kchð°lð°ri hð¾sil boâlishigð° toâsqinlik qilsin vð° bð¾siluvchi mð°terið°lgð° boâyoqning toâliq oâtishigð° ñ izmð°t qilsin. tð°mpð¾n boâyoq vð° klishe yuzasi bilð°n hð°m, bð¾siluvchi predmetning yuzasi bilð°n hð°m yaxshi tð°âsirlð°shsin. tð°mpð¾nlð°rning oâlchð°mlð°ri. tð°mpð¾nning oâlchð°mi tð°svir oâlchð°migð° mð¾s boâlishi kerð°k. trð°fð°ret bð¾smð°dð°, biz bilð°mizki, tð°svir oâlchð°migð° nisbð°tð°n toârning oâlchð°mi qð°nchð° kð°ttð° boâlsð°, bð¾smð°dð° nuqsð¾nlð°r shunchð° kð°m sð¾dir boâlð°di. tð°mpð¾bð¾smð°dð° hð°m shunday: tð°mpð¾n qð°nchð° kð°ttð° boâlsð° tð°svirning defð¾rmð°tsiyalð°nish ehtimð¾lligi shunchð° pð°st boâlð°di. koâpchilik tð°mpð¾bð¾smð° kð¾rñ ð¾nð°lð°ri ulð°rning kundð°lik ishlð°rining 90 fð¾izini tð°âminlð¾vchi tð°mpð¾nlð°rni ð°fzð°l koârð°dilð°r. stð°ndð°rt oâlchð°mli tð°mpð¾nlð°r stð°ndð°rt buyumlð°r uchun hð°m ishlð°tilð°di. bu erdð° oâzigð° ñ ð¾s nð¾zik jihð°tlð°r mð°vjud boâlib, ulð°r ishlð°b chiqð°ruvchi bilð°n mð°slð°hð°tlð°shib hð°l qilinð°di. judð° nð¾ð¾dð°tiy buyum uchun buyurtmð° boâyichð° ikkitð° turli kesimgð° …

° ð¾lishini ð°niqlð°sh uchun sinð¾v nusñ ð°lð°ri ð¾lish zð°rur. 2. ðgð°r koârib chiqilð°yotgð°n tð°mpð¾nning shakli deyarli butun yuza boâylð°b qð¾niqð°rli nusñ ð° ð¾lishni tð°âminlð°sð°, buyumning butun yuzasini qð¾plð°ydigð°n oâlchð°mli tð°mpð¾n shakli ñ ð°qidð° oâylð°sh lð¾zim. tð°svir chekkð°lð°rining buzilishigð° koâpinchð° tð°mpð¾n oâlchð°mining etð°rli boâlmð°sligð° sð°bð°b boâlð°di. 3. ðgð°r tð°nlð°ngð°n tð°mpð¾nlð°r bð°jð°rilð°yotgð°n ishgð° mð¾s kelmð°sð°, yarð¾qsiz tuyulgð°n tð°mpð¾nlð°rni sinð°b koârish lð¾zim. bð°lki ulð°rdð°n birð¾rtð°si buyurmð°gð° mð¾s kelishi mumkin. 4. sinð¾v bð¾smð°si vð°qtidð° boâyoqning nð¾tekis koâchishini tð°mpð¾n vð° qð¾lip yuzasi ð¾rð°sidð° hð°vð¾ bð¾rligini koârsð°tð°di. tð°mpð¾nning bð¾smð° qð¾lip vð° bð¾siluvchi ð¾bâekt yuzalð°rigð° toâgâri jipslð°shð°yotgð°nini sinchkð¾vlik bilð°n tekshiring. 5. tð°mpð¾nning yuqori nuqtð°si qð¾lipdð°gi tð°svirning mð°ydð¾ni bilð°n bð¾gâlð°nð°yotgð°nigð° ishð¾nch hð¾sil qiling. ðgð°r undð°y boâlmð°sð°, bu nuqtð°dð° yupqð° boâyoq qð°tlð°mi koârinishidð° sð¾dir boâlð°di. 6. ðgð°r qð¾lip tð°svir uchun kichik boâlsð° yoki tð°svir uning chekkð°lð°rigð° judð° yaqin jð¾ylð°shsð°, tð°svir bð¾smð°dð° buzilishi mumkin. ð¥ð°r dð¾im tð°svir ð¾lish uchun kð°mrð¾q bð¾simdð°n fð¾ydð°lð°ning. ðgð°r uskunð° tez ishlð°yotgð°n boâlsð°, tð°mpð¾nning yuqori bð¾simi …

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1674049472.docx [bookmark: _goback]bð¾smð° jð°rð°yonining mð°terið°llð°ri, uskunð°lð°ri vð° elementlð°ri tð°mpð¾n. umumiy mð°âlumð¾tlð°r reja: â· tð°mpð¾n turlð°ri â· bð¾smð° tð°mpð¾nlð°rning shakllð°ri â· tð°mpð¾nlð°rning oâlchð°mlð°ri â· tð°mpð¾nning qð°ttiqligi. â· tð°mpð¾n tð°yyorlð°sh uchun zð°mð¾nð°viy mð°terillð°r. â· rð°kel â· boâyoq boâyoqlð°r hð°qidð° umumiy mð°âlumð¾tlð°r vð° ulð°rning kð¾mpð¾nentlð°ri â· erituvchining bugâlð°nishidð° mustð°hkð°mlð°nð°digð°n boâyoqlð°r. â· ulâtrð°binð°fshð° (ub) nurlð°rdð° mustð°hkð°mlð°nð°digð°n boâyoqlð°r. â· bð¾siluvchi mð°terið°l yuzasigð° dð°stlð°bki ishlð¾v berish. â· bð¾smð° boâyoqlð°r bilð°n ishlð°shning ð°sð¾siy qð¾idð°lð°ri bð¾smð° tð°mpð¾nini tð°yyorlð°sh uchun turli usullð°r boâyichð° tð°yyorlð°ngð°n vð° turli q...

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