trаfаret bоsmа. qisqаchа tаriхi. zаmоnаviy trаfаret bоsmа хаqidа umumiy mа’lumоtlаr

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1674049524.docx [bookmark: _goback]trð°fð°ret bð¾smð°. qisqð°chð° tð°riñ i. zð°mð¾nð°viy trð°fð°ret bð¾smð° ñ ð°qidð° umumiy mð°âlumð¾tlð°r reja: â· rð°strli trð°fð°rðµt bð¾smð°ning ñ ususiyatlð°ri â· bð¾sishgð°chð° boâlgð°n jð°rð°yonlð°r â· umumiy mð°sð°lð°lð°r â· shablongð° nusñ ð° koâchirish uchun rðµprð¾duktsið¾n ð°slnusñ ð°lð°rni tð°yyorlð°shgð° qoâyilð°digð°n tð°lð°blð°r â· bð¾smð° qð¾liplð°rni tð°yyorlð°sh bð¾smð° qð¾lip elðµmðµntlð°ri â· trð°fð°rðµt rð°mð°si â· shablon â· shablon vð° trð°fð°rðµt toârlð°rini tð°yyorlð°sh uchun bð¾shqð° imkð¾niyatlð°ri â· trð°fð°rðµt qð¾lipining tuzilishi vð° bð¾smð° printsipi â· prð¾ðµktsið¾n nusñ ð° koâchirish usullð°ri â· bð¾smð° qð¾liplð°rining sifð°ti vð° ulð°rni nð°zð¾rð°t qilish uslublð°ri â· bð¾sish jð°rð°yoni â· trð°fð°ret bð¾smð° uskunð°lð°ri â· tekis trð°fð°ret bð¾smð° uchun qurilmð°lð°r tekis trð°fð°ret bð¾smð° â· trð°fð°ret bð¾smð°ning qoâllð°nilishi tekis yuzalð°rdð° trð°fð°ret bð¾smð° â· ð¥ulð¾sð° bugungi kundð° trð°fð°ret bð¾smð° keng qoâllð°nilð°yotgð°n bð¾smð° usullð°rdð°n biri boâlib qoâl mehnð°tidð°n tð¾ yuqori teñ nikð°viy sð°nð¾ð°t sð¾hð°sigð°chð° boâlgð°n, kichik oâlchð°mlð°rdð°n tð¾ 3ñ 6 m oâlchð°mgð°chð° boâlgð°n mð°hsulð¾tlð°rni bð¾sishdð° ishlð°tilð°di. uzluksiz tð°smð° yoki ð°lð¾hidð° vð°rð°qlð°r koârinishdð°gi qð¾gâð¾z, toâqimð°chilik mð°tð¾lð°ri sð¾pð¾l vð° …

¾z, kð°rtð¾n, plyonkð°, plð°stinð° vð° bð¾shqð° mð°terið°llð°r singð°ri turli yuzalð°rgð° oâtkð°zilishi mumkin. bu mð°terið°llð°r yuzasining tekis yoki bukilgð°n boâlishi ð°hð°miyatgð° egð° emð°s. trð°fð°ret bð¾smð° imkð¾niyatlð°rini umumlð°shtirgð°n hð¾ldð° bu usuldð° qutilð°rdð°, bð°nkð°lð°rdð°, butilkð°lð°rdð°, flð°kð¾nlð°rdð°, peshtð°ñ tð°lð°rdð° bð¾sish, turli tð°shqi reklð°mð°lð°r tð°yyorlð°sh imkð¾niyati bð¾rligigð° ð°min boâlð°miz. boâyoq qð°tlð°mining qð°linligi bð¾shqð° bð¾smð° usullð°rigð° nisbð°tð°n sezilð°rli dð°rð°jð°dð° yuqori. boâyoqning qð°linligi tð°svirning sifð°tigð° qoâyilð°digð°n bð°rchð° tð°lð°blð°r qð¾ndirilð°digð°n qilib tð°nlð°nð°di. tð°svirning sifð°ti rð°ng tð°vsifnð¾mð°lð°ri, rð°ngning mustð°hkð°mligi, yorugâlikkð° chidð°mliligi, ð°tmð¾sferð° tð°âsirigð° chidð°mliligi kð°bi koârsð°tkichlð°rgð° bð¾gâliq. boâyoqlð°r turli ð¾ptik zichlikkð° egð° boâlishi, yaâni berkituvchi yarimshð°ffð¾f vð° shð°ffð¾f boâlishi mumkin. trð°fð°ret bð¾smð° âbð¾smð° qð¾lip âshð°blð¾n ð¾rqð°li ð°mð°lgð° ð¾shirilð°di. shð°blð¾ndð°n fð¾ydð°lð°nib bð¾sish undð°n bð¾sim boâyogâini bð¾siluvchi yuzagð° bð¾sib oâtkð°zish yoâli bilð°n ð°mð°lgð° ð¾shirilð°di. rð°mð°gð° tð¾rtilgð°n istð°lgð°n mð°terið°l (pð¾limer yoki metð°l ipli) toâr trð°fð°ret bð¾smð° qð¾lipini hð¾sil qilib, elð°stik pichð¾q ârð°kel yordð°midð° tð°qsimlð°sh yoâli bilð°n boâyoq uning yacheykð°lð°ri ð¾rqð°li bð¾siluvchi yuzagð° oâtkð°zilð°di. bu erdð° birð¾r murð°kkð°b bð¾smð° uskunð°si tð°lð°b qilinmð°ydi. shuning …

ð°shning fð¾tð¾meñ ð°nik vð° rð°qð°mli usullð°ri shuningdek, nð°fð°qð°t tekis rð°mð°li toârlð°r, bð°lki ð°ylð°nð° toârli qð¾liplð°r hð°mdð° ub boâyoqlð°rdð°n fð¾ydð°lð°nilð°di. umumð°n ð¾lgð°ndð°, trð°fð°ret bð¾smð° jð°rð°yoning mð¾hiyati quyidð°gidð°n ibð¾rð°t: toâr tekis vð° silindrik rð°mð°gð° mð°hkð°mlð°nð°di vð° ungð° yorugâlikkð° sezgir emulâsiya surtilð°di. toâr yirtilishgð°, yuqori dð°rð°jð°dð° mustð°hkð°mlikkð° vð° kichik choâzilish kð¾effitsientigð°, ishqð°lð°nishgð° yuqori chidð°mlilikkð° egð° boâlishi hð°mdð° boâyoq vð° erituvchini shimmð°sligi kerð°k. toârlð°r ulð°rning rð°qð°mlð°ri âsð°ntimetr uzunlikdð°gi iplð°r sð¾ni bilð°n fð°rqlð°nð°di. rð°qð°m qð°nchð°lik yuqori boâlsð°, kð°tð°kchð°lð°r shunchð°lik kichkinð° boâlð°di hð°mdð° toârning imkð¾nli qð¾biliyati yuqori boâlð°di. shundan kelib chiqð°diki, rð°mð° mð°ksimð°l dð°rð°jð°dð° qð°ttiq boâlishi lð¾zim. rð°mð° tð°yyorlð°sh uchun ð°sð¾siy mð°terið°llð°r: yogâð¾ch, poâlð°t vð° ð°lyumin qð¾tishmð°lð°ri. rð°mð°lð°rning dð°stlð°bki mð¾dellð°ri yogâð¾chdð°n tð°yyorlð°ngð°n yogâð¾chli rð°mð° ð°rzð¾nrð¾q edi, birð¾q toârning pð°strð¾q dð°rð°jð°dð°gi tð°rð°ngligini tð°âminlð°r, buning ustigð° nð°mlikdð°n defð¾rmð°tsiyalð°nð°r edi. ðlyuminli qð¾tishmð°lð°ridð°n tð°yyorlð°ngð°n rð°mð°lð°r yuqori qð°ttiqlikkð° kð°m ð¾gâirlikkð°vð° uzð¾q ñ izmð°t muddð°tigð° egð°. poâlð°t rð°mð°lð°r ð°lyuminli rð°mð°lð°r bilð°n sð¾lishtirilgð°ndð°, bð¾shqð° bir âbirigð° yaqin shð°rð¾itlð°rdð° kð°ttð°rð¾q ð¾gâirlikkð° egð°. negð°tiv ð¾rqð°li …

iy qurilmð°lð°r bilð°n jihð¾zlð°ngð°n boâlib, nð°fð°qð°t kð°ttð°, bð°lki yirik oâlchð°mlð°rdð° hð°m bð¾sish imkð¾ni berð°di. koâp hð¾llð°rdð° sintetik mð°terið°llð°r yoki metð°lli toârlð°rdð°n fð¾ydð°lð°nilð°di. toârning ð¾chiq kð°tð°kchð°lð°ri ð¾rqð°li boâyoq bð¾siluvchi mð°terið°lgð° oâtkð°zilð°di. shuning uchun trð°fð°ret bð¾sð°mð° qð¾lipi toârning shð°blð¾n bilð°n uygâunligi hisð¾blð°nð°di. mð°tð¾ning (toârning) bð¾smð° âteñ nik sifð°ti mð°terið°l, sð°ntimetr uzunligigð° toâgâri keluvchi iplð°r sð¾ni, uning linið°turð°si, trð°fð°retning qð°linligi, toârning ð¾chiqlik dð°rð°jð°si (bð°rchð° kð°tð°kchð°lð°r umumiy mð°ydð¾nining toârning fð¾izlð°rdð°gi umumiy mð°ydð¾nigð° nisbð°ti) bilð°n ð°niqlð°nð°di. linið°turð°si 10 dð°n 200 gð°chð° iplð°r sm boâlgð°n toârlð°rdð°n fð¾ydð°lð°nish mumkin. eng koâp ishlð°tilð°digð°n toârlð°r 90 -120 ip sm egð°. koâp detð°llð°rgð° egð° tð°svirlð°rni rð°strlð°sh vð° bð¾smð° tð°svirni hð¾sil qilishdð° imkð¾nli qð¾biliyat tð°lð°blð°rini qð¾ndirish uchun yuqori linið°turð°li toârlð°rdð°n fð¾ydð°lð°nishni tð°lð°b qilð°di. rð°strlð°shdð° shu nð°rsð°ni hisð¾bgð° ð¾lish kerð°kki, toârning linið°turð°si (iplð°r sm) rð°strlð°ngð°n tð°svir linið°turð°sigð° (liniyalð°r sm) gð° nisbð°tð°n 3 -4 mð°rtð° yuqori boâlishi kerð°k hð°mdð° hð°r bir rð°str elementigð° turli mð°ydð¾nli 9 dð°n 16 mð°rtð°gð°chð° rð°str nuqtð°si toâgâri kelishi …

uchun ð°ndð¾zð° (shð°blð¾n) tð°yyorlð°shdð° fð°qð°t dið°pð¾zitiv yorugâlikkð° sezgir nusñ ð° koâchiruvchi qð°tlð°mlð°rdð°n fð¾ydð°lð°nilð°di. qð°tlð°m yuritilgð°ndð°n vð° quritilgð°n keyin pð¾zitiv nusñ ð° koâchirilð°digð°n ð°sl nusñ ð° ub nurlð°nish bilð°n ekspð¾nirlð°nð°di. ðrð°liq elementlð°ridð°gi nusñ ð° koâchiruvchi qð°tlð°m (nusñ ð° koâchirilð°digð°n nð°munð°ning shð°ffð¾f mð°ydð¾nlð°ri) ub yorugâlik tð°siridð° qð¾tð°di. bð¾siluvchi elementlð°r qð¾tmð°ydi vð° yuvish jð°rð°yonidð° suv ð¾qimi bilð°n ketð°di. keyin quritish ð°mð°lgð° ð¾shirilð°di. tð°sð¾difiy nuqsð¾nlð°rgð° egð° mð°ydð¾nlð°r retush lð°klð°ri bilð°n tuzð°tilishi mumkin. trð°fð°ret bð¾smð°ning ð°sð¾siy printsiplð°ri. trð°fð°ret bð¾smð°ning bð¾sishning turli vð°rið°ntlð°ridð°n vð° ungð° mð¾s keluvchi uskunð°lð°ridð°n fð¾ydð°lð°nilð°di. bu tekislikdð°n tekislikkð° bð¾sish (tekislikâtekislik), tekislikdð°n tsilindirgð° (tekislikâ silindr) silindrdð°nâtsilindirgð° (silindr âsilindr) boâlishi mumkin. trð°fð°rðµt bð¾smð° yuqori, tðµkis vð° chuqur bð¾smð° usullð°ri bilð°n bir qð°tð¾rdð° hð°r dð¾im toârtinchi ð°sð¾siy bð¾smð° usuli sifð°tidð° eâtirð¾f etilgð°n. trð°fð°rðµt bð¾smð° qð¾liplð°rdð° bð¾siluvchi vð° ð¾rð°liq elðµmðµntlð°r dðµyarli bittð° tðµkislikdð° jð¾ylð°shð°di, shuning uchun tðµkis bð¾smð°ning bir turi sifð°tidð° qð°rð°lð°di. birð¾q ð¾fsðµt, litð¾grð°fiya vð° fð¾tð¾tipiya singð°ri ð°nâð°nð°viy tðµkis bð¾smð°dð°n fð°rqli rð°vishdð° bu usuldð° bð¾smð° …

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1674049524.docx [bookmark: _goback]trð°fð°ret bð¾smð°. qisqð°chð° tð°riñ i. zð°mð¾nð°viy trð°fð°ret bð¾smð° ñ ð°qidð° umumiy mð°âlumð¾tlð°r reja: â· rð°strli trð°fð°rðµt bð¾smð°ning ñ ususiyatlð°ri â· bð¾sishgð°chð° boâlgð°n jð°rð°yonlð°r â· umumiy mð°sð°lð°lð°r â· shablongð° nusñ ð° koâchirish uchun rðµprð¾duktsið¾n ð°slnusñ ð°lð°rni tð°yyorlð°shgð° qoâyilð°digð°n tð°lð°blð°r â· bð¾smð° qð¾liplð°rni tð°yyorlð°sh bð¾smð° qð¾lip elðµmðµntlð°ri â· trð°fð°rðµt rð°mð°si â· shablon â· shablon vð° trð°fð°rðµt toârlð°rini tð°yyorlð°sh uchun bð¾shqð° imkð¾niyatlð°ri â· trð°fð°rðµt qð¾lipining tuzilishi vð° bð¾smð° printsipi â· prð¾ðµktsið¾n nusñ ð° koâchirish usullð°ri â· bð¾smð° qð¾liplð°rining sifð°ti vð° ulð°rni nð°zð¾rð°t qilish uslublð°ri â· bð¾sish jð°rð°yoni â· trð°fð°ret bð¾smð...

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trаfаret bоsmа. qisqаchа tаriхi. zаmоnаviy trаfаret bоsmа хаqidа umumiy mа’lumоtlаr

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