oqsillar va ularning ahamiyati

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oqsillarning hazmlanishi ko'rib chiqiladigan savollar 1.oqsillarning ahamiyati, organizmda ularning dinamik holati.oqsillarning biologik qiymati, azot balansi, ularning yoshga bog'liqligi. 2.xlorid kislotasining oshqozonda hosil bo'lishi, ahamiyati va meyoriy ko'rsatkichlari. 3.oqsillarning hazmlanishi, ekzo- va endopeptidazalar, ularning spetsifikligi. aminokislotalar so'rilishi. go'daklarda oqsillar hazmlanishining o'ziga xosligi, bolalarda ovqat allergiyasi. 4. oqsillarning ichaklarda chirishi va hosil bo'lgan toksik moddalarning zararsizlantirilishi. 5. so'rilgan aminokislotalar taqdiri. aminokislotalar almashinuvining umumiy yo'llari. 6.aminokislotalarning dezaminlanishi. bevosita va bilvosita oksidlanishli dezaminlanish. 7.aminokislotalarning transaminlanishi. transaminazalar. vitamin v6ning kofermentlik funktsiyasi. alat va asat faolligini o'rganishning klinik ahamiyati. digestion of dietary proteins most of the nitrogen in the diet is consumed in the form of protein, typically amounting from 70 to g/day in the american diet. proteins are generally too large to be absorbed by the intestine. they must, therefore, be hydrolyzed to yield their constituent amino acids, which can be absorbed. proteolytic enzymes responsible for degrading proteins are produced by three different organs: the …

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them from being catalytically active. pepsinogen is activated to pepsin, either by or autocatalytically by other pepsin molecules that have already been activated. pepsin releases peptides and a few free amino acids from dietary proteins. b. digestion of proteins by pancreatic enzymes on entering the small intestine, large polypeptides produced in the stomach by the action of pepsin are further cleaved to oligopeptides and amino acids by a group of pancreatic proteases. 1. specificity: each of these enzymes has a different specificity for the amino acid r-groups adjacent to the susceptible peptide bond. for example, trypsin cleaves only when the carbonyl group of the peptide bond is contributed by arginine or lysine. these enzymes, like pepsin described above, are synthesized and secreted as inactive zymogens. oqsillar – yuqori molekulali organik birikmalar, 100 ortiq aminokislota qoldiqlaridan tashkil topgan moddalar. odam organizmida 15 kg oqsil mavjud. genlar soniga nisbatan tamizminlarga ko'ra 50000 …

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ovqat bilan qabul qilingan azot va uning azot almashinuvining oxirgi mahsulotlari sifatida organizmdan chiqarilishi o'rtasidagi miqdoriy farqni ko'rsatadi. uning uch turi tafovut etiladi: musbat, manfiy va azot muvozanati oqsillarni dinamik xolati organizm oqsillari doimo yangilanib turadi. turli xil to'qima va a'zolardi xar xil tezlikda. jigar, ichak shilliq qavati, pankreas –10 kungacha gormon va fermentlar – soat va mitutlarda (insulin 6-9 minut) gemoglobin, teri va mishts oqsili – 100 kunda kollagen va elastin – 300 kunda fibrinogen –12 soatdan 4 kun qon plazma elobulinlari – 20 kunda bir sutkada organizmda 400 gr oqsil almashinuvi sodir bo'ladi. oqsilning kundalik ehtiyoji katta yoshli odamlarda oqsilni minimal miqdori 30-50 g/sut (biologik qiymati 70% past bo'lmaganda). bu miqdor azot balansini saqlab turadi lekin sogliqga va ish qobiliyatiga tasir qiladi. katta yoshli odamlar uchun kundaliq oqsil miqdori - 100-120 g/sut (eki minimum 1g/kg tana vazniga nisbatan). 12 yoshgachon bolalar uchun 50 - 70 g/sut (4,0-1,5 g/kg …

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anik moddalar mikdori erkin ns1 20 mmol/l, 0,4-0,5% 20-40 te pepsini (8 vidov) 0—21 mg% bog'langan ns1 20-30 te renin (fakat gudakda) xloridlar 155,1 mmol/l gastriksin natriy 31,3-189,3 mmol/l jelatinaza kaliy 5,6-35,3 mmol/l lipaza kaltsiy mutsin magniy lizotsim azot nebelkoviy 14,3—34,3 mmol/l organik kislota azot mochevini i ammiaka 4,99—9,99 mmol/l azot aminokislot 47,6-118,9 mkmol/l sulfati fosfati bikarbonati xlorid kislotani xosil bo'lish mexanizmi karboangidraz teoriyasi asosida, hcl uchun n+ n2so3 xosil bo'lgan, bu kislota esa me'dani qo'shimcha xujayrasida so2 va n2o dan karboangidrazi ta'sirida: n2o + so2 → n2so3 n2so3 dissotsiyasi natijasida bikarbonat, qon plazmaga s1- anioni o'rniga ajraladi , n+ esa faol n+/k+-atf-aza erdamida k+. almashinish orqali oshqozon bo'shligiga chiqariladi. bo'shlig'da n+ kontsentratsiya oshadi 106 marta , ns1 kontsentratsiya 0,16 m teng bo'ladi, rn esa 1,0-2,0gachon kamayadi. (maksimal 23 mmol hcl 1 soatda). hcl sintez - aerob protsess, bo'lib ko'p atf talab etadi, gipoksiyada kamayadi. suv xujayralardan osmotik gradienti xisobiga …

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oka v prisutstvii ionov kaltsiya. est tolko u detey grudnogo vozrasta. pepsin, rennin i gastriksin imeyut sxodstvo po pervichnoy strukture, chto ukazivaet na ix proisxojdenie ot obshego gena-predshestvennika. mutsin – mukoproteid obrazuyushiy sliz. sushestvuet v 2 formax: nerastvorimaya fraktsiya - pokrivaet poverxnost slizistoy obolochki i izoliruet epiteliy ot pishevaritelnogo protsessa (mexanicheskaya i ximicheskaya zashita); rastvorimaya fraktsiya - obrazuet kolloidnuyu sistemu, v kotoroy rastvoreni komponenti jeludochnogo soka. obladaet bufernimi svoystvami, sposobna neytralizovat kislotnost ili shelochnost. faktor kasla – gastromukoproteid, soderjit peptid, otsheplyayushiysya ot pepsinogena (sekret glavnix kletok) i mukoid (sekret dobavochnix kletok). faktor kasla svyazivaet «vneshniy faktor» – vitamin v12, predotvrashaet ego razrushenie i sposobstvuet vsasivaniyu. lizotsim - belok, obespechivayushiy bakteritsidnie svoystva jeludochnogo soka. oshqozonda oqsillar hazmlanishining yoshga bog'liq o'ziga xos tomonlari ko'krak yoshidagi bolalar oshqozonida rennin (ximozin) fermenti bo'ladi, u sutni ivitadi. rennin ta'sirida kazeindan glikopeptid ajraladi va parakazein hosil bo'ladi. parakazein kaltsiy ionlarini bog'lab oladi, sutning oshqozondan tez chiqib …

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oqsillarning hazmlanishi ko'rib chiqiladigan savollar 1.oqsillarning ahamiyati, organizmda ularning dinamik holati.oqsillarning biologik qiymati, azot balansi, ularning yoshga bog'liqligi. 2.xlorid kislotasining oshqozonda hosil bo'lishi, ahamiyati va meyoriy ko'rsatkichlari. 3.oqsillarning hazmlanishi, ekzo- va endopeptidazalar, ularning spetsifikligi. aminokislotalar so'rilishi. go'daklarda oqsillar hazmlanishining o'ziga xosligi, bolalarda ovqat allergiyasi. 4. oqsillarning ichaklarda chirishi va hosil bo'lgan toksik moddalarning zararsizlantirilishi. 5. so'rilgan aminokislotalar taqdiri. aminokislotalar almashinuvining umumiy yo'llari. 6.aminokislotalarning dezaminlanishi. bevosita va bilvosita oksidlanishli dezaminlanish. 7.aminokislotalarning transaminlanishi. transaminazalar. vitami...

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