buyrak va siydik biokimyosi

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buyrak va siydik biokimyosi buyrak va siydik biokimyosi lektor: phd, dots. alimbekova l.u. kimyo international university in tashketn ko'rib chiqiladigan savollar: siydik hosil bo'lish mexanizmi. kislota-asos muvozanatini saqlashda buyraklarning roli. normal va patologik holatlarda buyraklardagi modda almashinuvining o'ziga xos xususiyatlari. siydikning umumiy xususiyatlari, uning yoshga bog'liqligi. siydikning kimyoviy tarkibi. siydikning patologik tarkibiy qismlari. plan: stroenie pochki funktsii pochek osobennosti obmena veshestv v pochkax mocheobrazovanie klubochkovaya filtratsiya kanaltsievaya reabsorbtsiya kanaltsievaya sekretsiya mexanizm protivotochnogo obmena regulyatsiya mocheobrazovaniya obshie svoystva i sostav mochi v norme i pri patologii mochekamennaya bolezn diuretiki 1. stroenie pochki m=300g 2-2,6 mln. nefronov 5 funktsionalnaya edinitsa - nefron klubochek (malpigievo teltse) glomerulyarnie kapillyari boumenova kapsula kanalets proksimalniy otdel petlya genle distalniy otdel sobiratelnaya trubochka 1 a b 2 c d e 3 2. funktsii pochek ekskretornaya udalyayut izlishki vodi, neorganicheskix i nekotorix organicheskix veshestv (organicheskix kislot, vitaminov, gormonov) udalyayutsya konechnie produkti obmena veshestv (mochevina, kreatin, kreatinin, bilirubin i …

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si tela, pochki potreblyayut 10% ot vsego postupivshego v organizm o2. atf obrazuetsya v osnovnom v reaktsiyax aerobnogo okisleniya osnovnoy substrat dlya aerobnogo okisleniya – jk (80% o2), glyukoza (10% o2), kt osnovnie rasxodi atf: aktivniy transport veshestv pri reabsorbtsii i sekretsii biosintez belkov i drugix organicheskix veshestv energeticheskiy obmen visokiy obmen belkov mnogo sinteziruetsya transportnix belkov i fermentov (k/na, ca/mg-atf-azi, glut – transporter glyukozi, aminokislot, glutamat-dg, ldg, ast, alt ,glitsin-amidinotransferaza) v kletkax yuga sinteziruetsya renin (proteoliticheskiy ferment, kotoriy uchastvuet v regulyatsii tonusa sosudistogo tonusa, arterialnogo davleniya i vodno-solevogo obmena). sinteziruetsya belok kininogen (v krovi kininogen prevrashaetsya v kinini: bradikinin i kallidin, kotorie obladayut sosudorasshiryayushim effektom - ponijayut arterialnoe davlenie. v pochkax virabativaetsya eritropoetin (pochechniy eritropoeticheskiy faktor, pef, stimuliruet obrazovanie eritrotsitov iz stvolovix kletok krasnogo kostnogo mozga) obmen belkov i aminokislot sintez komponentov sistem svyortivaniya, fibrinoliza i komplementa krovi sintez nekotorix aminokislot (serin, alanin) aktivniy katabolizm nizkomolekulyarnix belkov i peptidov …

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tez eykozanoidov (prostaglandin pge2, prostatsiklin pgi2, tromboksan txa2, leykotrieni) obrazovanie aktivnoy formi vitamina d3 (regulyatsiya obmena kaltsiya, magniya, fosfora) obmen lipidov 4. mocheobrazovanie klubochkovaya filtratsiya kanaltsevaya reabsorbtsiya kanaltsevaya sekretsiya a. filtratsiya eto passivniy protsess, v rezultate kotorogo iz plazmi krovi obrazuetsya pervichnaya mocha –ultrafiltrat. v pervichnoy moche malo belka (3-4g/l), otsutstvuyut formennie elementi krovi kontsentratsiya ostalnix komponentov v pervichnoy moche kak v plazme krovi. filtratsiya idet cherez soedinitelnotkannuyu kapsulu: 1-y sloy - endoteliy krovenosnix kapillyarov, imeet pori bolshogo razmera, cherez nix proxodyat vse komponenti krovi, krome formennix elementov i visokomolekulyarnix belkov. 2-y sloy - bazalnaya membrana postroena iz kollagenovix nitey, obrazuyushix molekulyarnoe “sito”. diametr por - 4nm. ne propuskaet belki s massoy vishe, chem 50kda. 3-y sloy - epitelialnie kletki kapsuli soderjat na membrane otritsatelno zaryajennie polianioni, kotorie ne propuskayut otritsatelno zaryajennie belki krovi pronikat v pervichnuyu mochu. mexanizm klubochkovoy filtratsii pochechniy krovotok (pk) 1,1 l/min (0,6l/min plazmi), 20-25% ot …

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ti filtra opredelyaetsya sostoyaniem soedinitelnotkannoy kapsuli. filtratsionnaya ploshad zavisit ot kolichestva funktsioniruyushix nefronov, reguliruetsya sokrasheniem glomerulyarnix mezangialnix kletok. filtratsionnaya ploshad vsex funktsioniruyushix nefronov sostavlyaet okolo 1,5m2. filtratsionniy klirens = 124 ml/min km - kontsentratsiya veshestva v moche kkr - kontsentratsiya veshestva v arterialnoy plazme krovi v - skorost obrazovaniya mochi (ml/min) s= km kkr * v eto takoy ob'em plazmi krovi, kotoriy polnostyu ochishaetsya pochkami ot nereabsorbiruemogo i nesekretiruemogo veshestva za 1 minutu opredelyaetsya dlya otsenki funktsionalnogo sostoyaniya pochek (v krov vvodyat veshestva, kotorie v pochkax tolko filtruyutsya naprimer: inulin, mannitol, kreatinin) filtratsionniy klirens b. kanaltsievaya reabsorbtsiya eto dvijenie veshestv iz prosveta pochechnogo kanaltsa v krov na 85% proisxodit v proksimalnom otdele kanaltsa, preimushestvenno v mozgovom sloe za sutki reabsorbiruetsya: 179 l vodi 1 kg nacl 340g nahco3 170g glyukozi prostaya i oblegchennaya diffuziya mochevina voda pervichno aktivniy transport neorganicheskie ioni vtorichno aktivniy transport (simport, antiport) glyukoza i aminokisloti, ketokisloti …

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ksimalnom otdele aktivno sekretiruyutsya organicheskie anioni i kationi (k+, n+ i nh4+) passivnoy diffuziey sekretiruyutsya neionizirovannie formi slabix kislot i osnovaniy eto takoy ob'em plazmi krovi, kotoriy polnostyu ochishaetsya pochkami ot filtriruemogo i sekretiruemogo veshestva za 1 minutu 125 - 600 ml/min paraaminogippurovoy kisloti = 600 ml/min otrajaet pochechniy krovotok filtratsionniy-sekretorniy klirens regulyatsiya filtratsii avtoregulyatsiya: miogenniy otvet gmk prinosyashix arteriol kanaltsievo-klubochkovaya obratnaya svyaz gumoralnaya: vazokonstriktori (angiotenzin ii, noradrenalin, adrenalin, dofamin, adg, atriopeptin, leykotrieni) predserdniy na-ureticheskiy faktor vazodilatatori (kinini: bradikinin, kallidin) pri kolebaniyax pochechnogo arterialnogo davleniya v diapazone ot 85 do 180 mm.rt.st. pochechniy krovotok soxranyaetsya za schet avtoregulyatsii: regulyatsiya reabsorbtsii stimuliruyut: aldosteron stimuliruet vsasivanie na+ vazopressin usilivaet vsasivanie vodi kaltsitriol stimuliruet reabsorbtsiyu ca2+, mg2+, fn parat-gormon stimuliruet reabsorbtsiyu ca2+, mg2+ estradiol usilivaet reabsorbtsiyu sa2+, fn ingibiruyut: kaltsitonin podavlyaet reabsorbtsiyu ca2+, mg2+, fn, na+, k+ natriyureticheskiy faktor snijaet reabsorbtsiyu na+ tablitsa osnovnie gormonalnie vliyaniya na protsessi mocheobrazovaniya protsessi uvelichivayut umenshayut klubochkovaya …

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buyrak va siydik biokimyosi buyrak va siydik biokimyosi lektor: phd, dots. alimbekova l.u. kimyo international university in tashketn ko'rib chiqiladigan savollar: siydik hosil bo'lish mexanizmi. kislota-asos muvozanatini saqlashda buyraklarning roli. normal va patologik holatlarda buyraklardagi modda almashinuvining o'ziga xos xususiyatlari. siydikning umumiy xususiyatlari, uning yoshga bog'liqligi. siydikning kimyoviy tarkibi. siydikning patologik tarkibiy qismlari. plan: stroenie pochki funktsii pochek osobennosti obmena veshestv v pochkax mocheobrazovanie klubochkovaya filtratsiya kanaltsievaya reabsorbtsiya kanaltsievaya sekretsiya mexanizm protivotochnogo obmena regulyatsiya mocheobrazovaniya obshie svoystva i sostav mochi v norme i pri patologii mochekamennaya bolezn diuretiki 1. st...

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