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economic ideas in ancient china economic ideas in ancient china presented by: hayotbek botiraliyev introduction ancient china had one of the world’s oldest economic systems. its ideas about agriculture, trade, and state control deeply influenced asian economic thought. economic thought in china dates back over 2000 years. focused on agriculture, social harmony, and the moral role of the state. philosophers like confucius, laozi, and legalist thinkers shaped its direction. agriculture — the root of wealth in ancient china ancient chinese society was built around farming. agriculture was not only an economic activity, but also a moral duty and foundation of social order. the earliest chinese dynasties (xia, shang, zhou) viewed agriculture as the core of national prosperity. the saying “agriculture is the root; commerce is the branch” reflected the belief that farming sustained stability. the government encouraged farming through irrigation projects, canal systems, and distribution of land. farmers paid taxes …

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mic policies, promoting moral control over the economy rather than free markets. legalism and the power of the state in economy legalist thinkers believed strong government control and strict laws were essential for national wealth and order. legalism developed during the warring states period (475–221 bce), when stability was most needed. han feizi and shang yang were major legalist thinkers. they argued that agriculture and warfare were the most valuable activities because they directly strengthened the state. merchants and luxury goods were seen as harmful to discipline and morality. the legalist government imposed monopolies on salt, iron, and alcohol to control resources and fund the military. they introduced strict tax systems, compulsory labor, and laws to prevent corruption. though harsh, legalist policies helped unify china under the qin dynasty (221–206 bce). daoism: the way of simplicity and natural balance daoism, founded by laozi, taught that harmony and balance — not …

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her than money. the government established granaries to store food and prevent famine. during the han dynasty, state monopolies on salt and iron provided major income for the empire. the idea was that economic control prevented greed and maintained confucian moral order. development of trade and the market economy while agriculture dominated, trade gradually expanded, especially during the silk road era early chinese trade was mostly local, between nearby villages. with the opening of the silk road (around 130 bce), long-distance trade with central asia, india, and rome grew rapidly. key exports: silk, tea, porcelain, paper, and later gunpowder. imports included horses, glassware, and precious stones. merchants were often looked down upon socially, though they became wealthy. local markets were held regularly, often under government supervision to prevent cheating. over time, trade centers like chang’an and luoyang became global commercial hubs. the evolution of money in ancient china china pioneered …

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laws; economic control by the state. guan zhong (720–645 bce): early economist; promoted fair taxation and state monopolies. mencius (372–289 bce): student of confucius; believed wealth must serve the people, not rulers. main philosophers and economists of ancient china legacy of ancient chinese economic ideas ancient chinese ideas built a foundation for centuries of economic stability and moral governance. ancient chinese economists valued agriculture, balance, and social harmony. confucianism, daoism, and legalism together created a unique blend of moral and practical economics. their legacy can be seen in modern china’s focus on state-led planning and social welfare. these ideas remind us that economics is not only about wealth, but about justice, balance, and people’s happiness. thank you for your attention! image9.png image10.svg image1.png image2.svg image3.png image4.svg image5.png image6.svg image7.png image8.svg image11.png image12.svg image13.png image14.svg image15.png image16.svg image17.png image18.svg image19.png image20.svg image21.png image22.svg image23.png image24.svg image25.png image26.svg image27.png image28.svg image29.png image30.svg …

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economic ideas in ancient china economic ideas in ancient china presented by: hayotbek botiraliyev introduction ancient china had one of the world’s oldest economic systems. its ideas about agriculture, trade, and state control deeply influenced asian economic thought. economic thought in china dates back over 2000 years. focused on agriculture, social harmony, and the moral role of the state. philosophers like confucius, laozi, and legalist thinkers shaped its direction. agriculture — the root of wealth in ancient china ancient chinese society was built around farming. agriculture was not only an economic activity, but also a moral duty and foundation of social order. the earliest chinese dynasties (xia, shang, zhou) viewed agriculture as the core of national prosperity. the saying “agric...

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