metabolizm uglevodov - 2

PPT 31 sahifa 3,7 MB Bepul yuklash

31 sahifa

FaylHub.uz

Telegram orqali yuklab olish

Hajm 3,7 MB

Fayl turi PPT

Sahifalar 31

Yangilangan Dek 2025

Sahifa ko'rinishi (5 sahifa)

Pastga aylantiring 👇

1 / 31

slide 1 metabolizm uglevodov - 2 * glyukoza prevrashenie glyukozi v kletke glyukozo-6-fosfat piruvat glikogen riboza, nadfn pentozofosfat-niy put sintez glikogena degradatsiya glikogena glikoliz glyukoneogenez * vse kletki zavisyat ot glyukozi. mozg osobenno chuvstvitelniy k snijeniyu urovnya glyukozi (dnevnaya potrebnost glyukozi dlya mozga 120 g). eritrotsiti ispolzuyut tolko glyukozu kak toplivo 160 g glyukozi neobxodimo v den dlya vsego organizma. pri dlitelnom golodanii organizm doljen sintezirovat glyukozu iz neuglevodnix predshestvennikov * pechen i pochki – osnovnie organi sinteza glyukozi osnovnie predshestvenniki: laktat, piruvat, glitserol i nekotorie aminokisloti pri golodanii glyukoneogenez postavlyaet pochti vsyu glyukozu dlya organizma glyukoneogenez – universalniy put. glyukoneogenez – sintez glyukozi iz neuglevodnix komponentov * glyukoneogenez ne yavlyaetsya obratimim glikolizom v glikolize glyukoza prevrashaetsya v piruvat; v glyukoneogeneze piruvat prevrashaetsya v glyukozu. no glyukoneogenez ne ne yavlyaetsya obratimim glikolizom. tri neobratimie reaktsii v glikolize - geksokinaznaya, fosfofruktokinaznaya, i piruvatkinaznaya. * sravnenie glikoliza i glyukoneogeneza * i: piruvat …

2 / 31

ukozo-6-fosfatazna reaktsіya * skorost glikoliza opredelyaetsya kontsentratsiey glyukozi. skorost glyukoneogeneza opredelyaetsya kontsentratsiey predshestvennikov glyukozi. regulyatsiya glyukoneogeneza glyukoneogenez i glikoliz reguliruyutsya retsiprokno: v kletke esli odin put neaktivniy, vtoroy aktiviruetsya. * * gormoni vliyayut na ekspressiyu genov izmenyaya skorost transkriptsii. insulin stimuliruet ekspressiyu fosfofruktokinzi i piruvatkinazi. glyukagon ingibiruet ekspressiyu etix fermentov i stimuliruet produktsiyu fosfoenolpiruvatkarboksikinazi i fruktozo-1,6-difosfatazi. regulyatsiya glyukoneogeneza gormonami * osnovnie predshestvenniki: (1) laktat (2) bolshinstvo aminokislot (osobenno alanin) (3) glitserol (pri rassheplenii jirov) predshestvenniki glyukoneogeneza * tsikl kori pechenochnaya laktatdegidrogenaza prevrashaet laktat v piruvat (substrat dlya glyukoneogeneza) glyukoza, obrazovannaya v pecheni, transportiruetsya k perifericheskim tkanyam s krovyu * glyukoneogenez iz glitserola * defitsit glyukozo-6-fosfat degidrogenazi –enzimopatiya, kotoraya porajaet sotni millionov lyudey. 10 % lyudey sredizemnomorskogo regiona imeyut etot geneticheskiy defekt. eritrotsiti so snijenim urovnem vosstanovlennogo glutationa bolee chuvstvitelni k gemolizu i legko razrushayutsya, osobenno pri intoksikatsiyax lekarstvami (naprimer, antimalyariynimi preparatami). v tyajelix sluchayax massivnaya destruktsiya eritrotsitov mojet privesti k …

3 / 31

atiti i ojirenie bolezn kushinga tireotoksikoz i akromegaliya yazva 12-perstnoy kishki saxarniy diabet razdelyayut na 2 tipa: і tip – insulinozavisimiy (20 %); іі tip – insulinnezavisimiy (80 %) insulinozavisimiy – absolyutniy defitsit insulina v organizme, proyavlyaetsya v detskom vozraste, sklonnost k ketoatsidozu, lechitsya insulinom insulinonezavisimiy – voznikaet u vzroslix, obuslovlen otnositelnoy nedostatochnostyu insulina, ne oslojnyaetsya ketoatsidozom, ne trebuet insulinoterapii prichini diabeta і tipa: 1) geneticheski determinirovanniy 2) autoimunnoe porajenie v detskom vozraste - kletok podjeludochnoy prichini diabeta іі tipa: 1) insulin virabativaetsya, no v plazme svyazivaetsya s belkami, kotorie blokiruyut ego deystvie; 2) giperaktivatsiya insulinazi; 3) deffekt retseptornogo apparata dlya insulina; 4) defekt postretseptornoy sistemi (adenilattsiklaznoy) uglevodniy obmen pri saxarnom diabete ugnetenie geksokinazi (gepato-, mio- i adipotsiti) usilenie glikogenoliza aktivatsiya glyukoneogeneza narushenie roboti tsikla krebsa lipidniy obmen pri diabete: snijenie utilizatsii glyukozi snijenie lipogeneza mobilizatsiya jira iz depo lipemiya usilenie ketogeneza i xolesterinogeneza ketonemiya i xolesterinemiya ketonuriya belkoviy obmen …

4 / 31

$dativnaya faza (transketolaznaya /transaldo-laznaya sistema) * unknown-0 unknown-1 phase 1 glucose 6-phosphate (oxidative) 2 nadp* 2 nadph ribulose 5-phosphate { ribose xylulose 5-phosphate (cs) 5-phosphate (cs) b sedoheptulose 7-phosphate (c7) erythose xylulose 4-phosphate (c,) 5-phosphate (cs) phase 2 fruct (nonoxidative) 6-phosphate (c,) gap (c3) glycolysis glucose. k > | atp. ke / |) glucose dd heroine: | g-phosphatase = (ghecpeotesie adp \ j ‘celisonly) glucose 6-phosphate | fructose 6-phosphate / %, atp, / \v phosphofrokinase-t | | foe wan adp< \ ra fructose 1,6-bisphosphate | dihydroxyacetone glyceraldehyde phosphate 3-phosphate nad@ +p; ~ |} »nad@+p; nv nadh +h®< ||“. nadh +h® bisphosphoglycerate adp ~ _7 adp \! }\ atp <~ “ atp 3-phosphoglycerate v 2-phosphoglycerate phosphoenolpyruvate say” gdp ni? / \ phosphoenolpyruvate adp carboxykinase pyn | pele yruvate | "ae j oxaloacetate a a. * adp + p, r 4s pyruvate \ _/ carboxylase — atp gluconeogenesis pyruvate activated coo2 coo? …$

5 / 31

Ko'proq o'qimoqchimisiz?

Barcha 31 sahifani Telegram orqali bepul yuklab oling.

To'liq faylni yuklab olish

"metabolizm uglevodov - 2" haqida

slide 1 metabolizm uglevodov - 2 * glyukoza prevrashenie glyukozi v kletke glyukozo-6-fosfat piruvat glikogen riboza, nadfn pentozofosfat-niy put sintez glikogena degradatsiya glikogena glikoliz glyukoneogenez * vse kletki zavisyat ot glyukozi. mozg osobenno chuvstvitelniy k snijeniyu urovnya glyukozi (dnevnaya potrebnost glyukozi dlya mozga 120 g). eritrotsiti ispolzuyut tolko glyukozu kak toplivo 160 g glyukozi neobxodimo v den dlya vsego organizma. pri dlitelnom golodanii organizm doljen sintezirovat glyukozu iz neuglevodnix predshestvennikov * pechen i pochki – osnovnie organi sinteza glyukozi osnovnie predshestvenniki: laktat, piruvat, glitserol i nekotorie aminokisloti pri golodanii glyukoneogenez postavlyaet pochti vsyu glyukozu dlya organizma glyukoneogenez – universalniy put. glyu...

Bu fayl PPT formatida 31 sahifadan iborat (3,7 MB). "metabolizm uglevodov - 2"ni yuklab olish uchun chap tomondagi Telegram tugmasini bosing.

Teglar: metabolizm uglevodov - 2 PPT 31 sahifa Bepul yuklash Telegram