metabolizm uglevodov - 2

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slide 1 metabolizm uglevodov - 2 * glyukoza prevrashenie glyukozi v kletke glyukozo-6-fosfat piruvat glikogen riboza, nadfn pentozofosfat-niy put sintez glikogena degradatsiya glikogena glikoliz glyukoneogenez * vse kletki zavisyat ot glyukozi. mozg osobenno chuvstvitelniy k snijeniyu urovnya glyukozi (dnevnaya potrebnost glyukozi dlya mozga 120 g). eritrotsiti ispolzuyut tolko glyukozu kak toplivo 160 g glyukozi neobxodimo v den dlya vsego organizma. pri dlitelnom golodanii organizm doljen sintezirovat glyukozu iz neuglevodnix predshestvennikov * pechen i pochki – osnovnie organi sinteza glyukozi osnovnie predshestvenniki: laktat, piruvat, glitserol i nekotorie aminokisloti pri golodanii glyukoneogenez postavlyaet pochti vsyu glyukozu dlya organizma glyukoneogenez – universalniy put. glyukoneogenez – sintez glyukozi iz neuglevodnix komponentov * glyukoneogenez ne yavlyaetsya obratimim glikolizom v glikolize glyukoza prevrashaetsya v piruvat; v glyukoneogeneze piruvat prevrashaetsya v glyukozu. no glyukoneogenez ne ne yavlyaetsya obratimim glikolizom. tri neobratimie reaktsii v glikolize - geksokinaznaya, fosfofruktokinaznaya, i piruvatkinaznaya. * sravnenie glikoliza i glyukoneogeneza * i: piruvat …

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ukozo-6-fosfatazna reaktsіya * skorost glikoliza opredelyaetsya kontsentratsiey glyukozi. skorost glyukoneogeneza opredelyaetsya kontsentratsiey predshestvennikov glyukozi. regulyatsiya glyukoneogeneza glyukoneogenez i glikoliz reguliruyutsya retsiprokno: v kletke esli odin put neaktivniy, vtoroy aktiviruetsya. * * gormoni vliyayut na ekspressiyu genov izmenyaya skorost transkriptsii. insulin stimuliruet ekspressiyu fosfofruktokinzi i piruvatkinazi. glyukagon ingibiruet ekspressiyu etix fermentov i stimuliruet produktsiyu fosfoenolpiruvatkarboksikinazi i fruktozo-1,6-difosfatazi. regulyatsiya glyukoneogeneza gormonami * osnovnie predshestvenniki: (1) laktat (2) bolshinstvo aminokislot (osobenno alanin) (3) glitserol (pri rassheplenii jirov) predshestvenniki glyukoneogeneza * tsikl kori pechenochnaya laktatdegidrogenaza prevrashaet laktat v piruvat (substrat dlya glyukoneogeneza) glyukoza, obrazovannaya v pecheni, transportiruetsya k perifericheskim tkanyam s krovyu * glyukoneogenez iz glitserola * defitsit glyukozo-6-fosfat degidrogenazi –enzimopatiya, kotoraya porajaet sotni millionov lyudey. 10 % lyudey sredizemnomorskogo regiona imeyut etot geneticheskiy defekt. eritrotsiti so snijenim urovnem vosstanovlennogo glutationa bolee chuvstvitelni k gemolizu i legko razrushayutsya, osobenno pri intoksikatsiyax lekarstvami (naprimer, antimalyariynimi preparatami). v tyajelix sluchayax massivnaya destruktsiya eritrotsitov mojet privesti k …

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atiti i ojirenie bolezn kushinga tireotoksikoz i akromegaliya yazva 12-perstnoy kishki saxarniy diabet razdelyayut na 2 tipa: і tip – insulinozavisimiy (20 %); іі tip – insulinnezavisimiy (80 %) insulinozavisimiy – absolyutniy defitsit insulina v organizme, proyavlyaetsya v detskom vozraste, sklonnost k ketoatsidozu, lechitsya insulinom insulinonezavisimiy – voznikaet u vzroslix, obuslovlen otnositelnoy nedostatochnostyu insulina, ne oslojnyaetsya ketoatsidozom, ne trebuet insulinoterapii prichini diabeta і tipa: 1) geneticheski determinirovanniy 2) autoimunnoe porajenie v detskom vozraste - kletok podjeludochnoy prichini diabeta іі tipa: 1) insulin virabativaetsya, no v plazme svyazivaetsya s belkami, kotorie blokiruyut ego deystvie; 2) giperaktivatsiya insulinazi; 3) deffekt retseptornogo apparata dlya insulina; 4) defekt postretseptornoy sistemi (adenilattsiklaznoy) uglevodniy obmen pri saxarnom diabete ugnetenie geksokinazi (gepato-, mio- i adipotsiti) usilenie glikogenoliza aktivatsiya glyukoneogeneza narushenie roboti tsikla krebsa lipidniy obmen pri diabete: snijenie utilizatsii glyukozi snijenie lipogeneza mobilizatsiya jira iz depo lipemiya usilenie ketogeneza i xolesterinogeneza ketonemiya i xolesterinemiya ketonuriya belkoviy obmen …

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$dativnaya faza (transketolaznaya /transaldo-laznaya sistema) * unknown-0 unknown-1 phase 1 glucose 6-phosphate (oxidative) 2 nadp* 2 nadph ribulose 5-phosphate { ribose xylulose 5-phosphate (cs) 5-phosphate (cs) b sedoheptulose 7-phosphate (c7) erythose xylulose 4-phosphate (c,) 5-phosphate (cs) phase 2 fruct (nonoxidative) 6-phosphate (c,) gap (c3) glycolysis glucose. k > | atp. ke / |) glucose dd heroine: | g-phosphatase = (ghecpeotesie adp \ j ‘celisonly) glucose 6-phosphate | fructose 6-phosphate / %, atp, / \v phosphofrokinase-t | | foe wan adp< \ ra fructose 1,6-bisphosphate | dihydroxyacetone glyceraldehyde phosphate 3-phosphate nad@ +p; ~ |} »nad@+p; nv nadh +h®< ||“. nadh +h® bisphosphoglycerate adp ~ _7 adp \! }\ atp <~ “ atp 3-phosphoglycerate v 2-phosphoglycerate phosphoenolpyruvate say” gdp ni? / \ phosphoenolpyruvate adp carboxykinase pyn | pele yruvate | "ae j oxaloacetate a a. * adp + p, r 4s pyruvate \ _/ carboxylase — atp gluconeogenesis pyruvate activated coo2 coo? …$

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slide 1 metabolizm uglevodov - 2 * glyukoza prevrashenie glyukozi v kletke glyukozo-6-fosfat piruvat glikogen riboza, nadfn pentozofosfat-niy put sintez glikogena degradatsiya glikogena glikoliz glyukoneogenez * vse kletki zavisyat ot glyukozi. mozg osobenno chuvstvitelniy k snijeniyu urovnya glyukozi (dnevnaya potrebnost glyukozi dlya mozga 120 g). eritrotsiti ispolzuyut tolko glyukozu kak toplivo 160 g glyukozi neobxodimo v den dlya vsego organizma. pri dlitelnom golodanii organizm doljen sintezirovat glyukozu iz neuglevodnix predshestvennikov * pechen i pochki – osnovnie organi sinteza glyukozi osnovnie predshestvenniki: laktat, piruvat, glitserol i nekotorie aminokisloti pri golodanii glyukoneogenez postavlyaet pochti vsyu glyukozu dlya organizma glyukoneogenez – universalniy put. glyu...

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