umumiy farmakologiya

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umumiy farmakologiya umumiy farmakologiya farmakologiya-kimyoviy moddalarni organizmga ta'siri xaqidagi fan (pharmacon-dori, logos-ta'limot) dori vositalar olinadigan man'balar: mineral xomash'yo; xayvon xomash'yosi; o'simlik xomash'yosi; kimyoviy sintez; mikroorganizmlar. umumiy farmakologiya –dori vositalarni tirik organizmlar bilan ta'sirini umumiy qonunlarini o'rganadi xususiy farmakologiya-konkret farmakologik guruxlarni va aloxida preparatlar xususiyatlarini o'rganadi umumiy farmakologiyadadori vositalarni farmakodinamikasi va farmakokinetikasini umumiy konuniyatlariga bag'ishlanadi farmakokinetika- (kineo-xarakat)-dori vositalarini shimilishi, organizmda taqsimlanishi, to'planishi, metabolizmi va organizmdan chiqib ketishi farmakodinamika-(dinamis-kuch)-dori vositalarini biologik samarasini, qaerga ta'sir etishini va ta'sir etish mexanizmi dori shakli-dori vositasiga amaliyotda qo'llashga qulay bo'lgan shakli berilishi dori moddasi-dori vositasi sifatida qo'llaniladigan individual kimyoviy birikma dori vositasi-turli kasalliklarda ishlatiladigan bitta yoki bir nechta dori moddasi preparat –ma'lum dori shaklida tayorlangan dori vositasi dori vositasini yuborilish yo'llari: enteral: parenteral: peroral teri ostiga sublingval mushak orasiga transbukkal vena ichiga 12 barm.ichakka arteriya ichiga rektal teri ichiga ingolyatsion intrasternal qorin pardasi ichiga subaraxnoidal transdermal taqsimlanishi biologik membranalar: -kapillyarlar devori membranasi; -gematoentsefalik to'sig'i; -platsentar to'sig'i; …

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an o'tilishida parchalanishi-eliminatsiya) dori vositasini organizmda o'zgarish turlari (oqibatda biologik faolligi yo'qoladi) metabolik transformatsiya: -oksidlanish (oksidazalar) –imizin; -qaytarilish (reduktazalar) –levomitsetin; -gidroliz (esterazalar) –novokain. kon'yugatsiya: -metillanish –gistamin; -atsetillanish-sulfanilamidlar; -glyukuron kislota(morfin) va sulfatlar birikishi(paratsetamiol). dori vositalarini organizmdan chiqib ketishini asosiy yo'llari: oshqozon-ichak yo'llari; o't-safro bilan buyraklar; o'pkalar sut bezlari; teri bezlari dori vositalarini ta'sir etish turlari: maxalliy rezorbtiv bevosita reflektor asosiy nojo'ya qaytar qaytmas tarnab “nishon” –retseptorlar, ion kanallari, fermentlar, transport tizimlar, genlar dori vositalari xususiyatlari ularni farmakologik samarasi va qo'llash sharoitlariga qarab turlanadi kimyoviy tuzulishi, funktsional-faol guruxlar mavjudligi, molekulalar shakli va kattaligi; fizikoviy-kimyoviy va fizikoviy xususiyatlari (eruvchanglik, maydalanish darajasi, uchuvchangligi, dissotsiatsiyalanishi, ionizatsiyalanishi), dozasi, kontsentratsiyasi doza- preparatni bir martaga qabul qilishga mo'ljallangan miqdori turlari: -terapevtik (o'rtacha) dozasi; -maksimal; -kundalik; -kurslik; -toksik; -letal. dori vositasini takroriy yuborilishi kummulyatsiyalanishi (material-toksikligi, funktsional-samarasini yig'ilib qolishi, dozasini kamaytirilishi yoki yuborish orasini uzaytirish) o'rganib qolish (tolerantlik-takroriy yuborilganida samarasini kamayib ketishi-dozasini oshirish yoki boshqa preparatga almashtirish). taxifilaksiya qaramlik qaramlik …

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dalarida kimyoviy va fizikoviy ta'sirlanishi). farmakodinamik o'zgarishlari: -sinergizm (aditiv, potentsirlanishi, bevosita, bilvosita); -antagonizm. farmatsevtik o'zgarishlari-dori vositalarini tayorlash, saqlash, bitta shpritsda aralashtirishda yuzaga keladigan o'zgarishlar oqibatida d.v.yaroqsiz bo'lishi. dori vositasini samarasiga organizmni individual xususiyatlarini ta'siri yosh; jins; genetik faktorlar; organizmni xolati; sutkalik ritmlar. dori terapiyasini turlari profilaktik; etiotrop; simptomatik; o'rinbosuv. dori vositasini ta'sir etish turlari maxalliy ta'sir rezorbtiv ta'sir asosiy ta'siri; nojo'ya ta'siri; bevosta ta'siri; bilvosta ta'siri; reflektor ta'siri; allergik reaktsiyalari; toksik ta'sirlari idiosinkraziya; to'ksik ta'siri turlari teratogen-xomiladorlik davrida embrion yoki xomilaga ta'siri; embriotoksik ta'siri-xomiladorlikni 12 xaftasigacha organogenezga ta'sir etmagan embrionga yoki xomilaga ta'siri; kechroq muddatlarida esa fetotoksik ta'siri; mutagenlik- urug'langan xujayralarga va ularni genetik apparatlariga turg'un shikastlantiruvchi ta'siri. oqibatda avlodlarida genotipni o'zgarishi kuzatiladi. kantserogenlik –xavfli o'smalar rivojlanishi theme of lecture: “introduction. general pharmacology” pharmacology - the science of the interaction of chemical compounds from living organisms. in general pharmacology studies drugs used to treat and prevent various diseases and pathological …

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move) - this section pharmacology of absorption, distribution in the body, depositing, metabolism and excretion of substances. the main content of the pharmacodynamics (from the greek. pharmacon - medicine, dynamis - force) - the biological effects of substances, as well as localization and mechanism of action. drug administration routes. existing ways of bringing in is usually divided into enteral (through the digestive tract) and parenteral (bypassing the digestive tract). for enteral routes include introduction through the mouth under the tongue, buccally, the duodenum, rectum (rectal). for parenteral introduction of routes include subcutaneous, intramuscular, intravenous, intra-arterial, intrasternalny, intraperitoneal, inhalation, subarachnoid, sub occipital and some other. ways of removing drugs from the body. drugs, their metabolites and conjugates are primarily excreted in the urine and bile. gaseous and many volatile substances (such as tools for inhalation anesthesia) are displayed in the main light. certain drugs are allocated salivary gland (iodide), sweat (protivoleproznoe …

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ersible (as a rule, in the case of covalent bonding). if the matter only interacts with certain receptors functionally unambiguous localization and does not affect other receptors, the effect of such substances are considered selective. the dependence of the pharmacotherapeutic effect on the properties of medicines and conditions of use chemical structure, physico-chemical and physical properties of drugs b) the dose and concentration c) the repeated use of drugs d) the interaction of drugs repeated use of drugs their action may change in the direction of both the growth and reduce the effect. the increase in effect a number of substances due to their ability to cumulation. cumulation of material under the mean accumulation in the body of pharmacological substances. and the so-called functional cumulation, in which "builds up" effect rather than substance. reduce the effectiveness of substances in their re-application - addictive (tolerance) - observed by using a variety …

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umumiy farmakologiya umumiy farmakologiya farmakologiya-kimyoviy moddalarni organizmga ta'siri xaqidagi fan (pharmacon-dori, logos-ta'limot) dori vositalar olinadigan man'balar: mineral xomash'yo; xayvon xomash'yosi; o'simlik xomash'yosi; kimyoviy sintez; mikroorganizmlar. umumiy farmakologiya –dori vositalarni tirik organizmlar bilan ta'sirini umumiy qonunlarini o'rganadi xususiy farmakologiya-konkret farmakologik guruxlarni va aloxida preparatlar xususiyatlarini o'rganadi umumiy farmakologiyadadori vositalarni farmakodinamikasi va farmakokinetikasini umumiy konuniyatlariga bag'ishlanadi farmakokinetika- (kineo-xarakat)-dori vositalarini shimilishi, organizmda taqsimlanishi, to'planishi, metabolizmi va organizmdan chiqib ketishi farmakodinamika-(dinamis-kuch)-dori vositalarini biologik sa...

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