stages of development of linguistic typology

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1451618853_62787.doc stages of development of linguistic typology plan: 1. the history of linguistic comparison. 2. the major factors fostering development of linguistic typology. 3. discussion on different classifications/periodization of the history of linguistic comparison and factors of its development in the beginning of its development linguistic typology tried to respond the issue of what could serve the basis for classifying the languages into "more primitive" and "more developed". but very soon it became clear that this starting point was incorrect: it turned to be impossible to make a judgment on the level of development of a language basing on its typological characteristics. absolutely different languages can fall into the same structural type, e.g. english or modern chinese languages are perfectly developed and have the richest literature. still they belong to the same type with the language of tzin folks residing in the north of china and having no letter. moreover, …

can be to a large extent applied to linguistic typology. i. theory of naming in antique philosophy. it established the rules of naming in the frames of philosophy. it also looked at relations between the names and the objects of reality. there were 2 main schools of philosophers who supported opposite standpoints (analogists and anomalists) on the nature of names, (motivated and non- motivated names). as the theory of naming did not contain a specialized knowledge on language it was not included into general linguistics; ii. the antique grammar traditions of west and east. theory of grammar emerged at this time. it describes language system through establishing relations between linguistic names (and some other parts of language). at this period the basic primary grammatical categories — parts of speech were distinguished and described: the names such as the noun (proper and common), the adjective; the numeral; the verb, the pronoun. …

ory of linguistic methods and strategies thus creating basis for linguistic modeling . dr. buranov j. identifies 4 periods in the history of typological studies: 1) spontaneous or evolutionary. it begins with the emergence of the first linguistic works. that period was over not long before the renaissance. in ancient greece the language was studied in the frames of philosophy. the major issue which was in the focus of discussion was correlation of substances to their names. still already in the works of protagoras and aristotle there are statements related to distinguishing words, word combinations, linguistic categories like gender, case, number, definition of the sentence, classification of words into names and actions /parts of speech. these works served the basis for distinguishing linguistics into an independent science. e.g. many scholars, while compiling grammars of separate languages used the models of the languages with already described grammatical structures. (the principle of …

as its own history. divan-lugat at-turk by mahmud kashgariy is considered the most solid work on linguistic comparison of turkic languages. mahmud kashgariy analyzed phonetic, grammatical and lexical units of a group of turkic languages and defined the level of their genetic relation to each other. further development of comparative study can be traced in appearance of glossaries and dictionaries, e.g. turkic-mongol-persian dictionary-compiled in egypt (1245), latin-persian kypchak dictionary (kumanikus code, xii c), and other works. one of the most prominent work is the poem of alisher navoi "muhokamatul ai-lugatain" (debate of two languages) written in 1499. navoi compares lexical, grammatical and word building specificities of 2 genetically non-related languages: old uzbek and persian. navoi reveals a number of language specificities of uzbek which did not have direct correspondences in persian, e.g. suffixes of reflexivity, reciprocity, causation, modality, comparativeness, etc. the third period is related to development of comparative historical …

f. mis-telli, f.fink, e. sapir, bodwen de courtene, e.polivanov, i. meschaninov. since xvii c. the comparative study of turkic languages was in the focus of the works of f. tabbert-stralenberg, o. beotlikk, v. radlov, m. ryasyanen, g. ramst-edt, n. dmitriev and others. the 4th period is related to establishing of linguistic typology as a separate science with the bulk of general linguistics. it coincides with the xx century. in the former soviet union the most developed and popular field of comparative study was comparison of russian and national languages. the major material for comparison served numerous translations of russian classics into national languages. lexicography has also got considerable development. at that time the first national grammars were compiled basing on the grammar of the russian language, e.g. the first uzbek grammar by evgeniy polivanov" used the system of russian grammar for description: system of parts of speech, cases, numbers, etc. …

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1451618853_62787.doc stages of development of linguistic typology plan: 1. the history of linguistic comparison. 2. the major factors fostering development of linguistic typology. 3. discussion on different classifications/periodization of the history of linguistic comparison and factors of its development in the beginning of its development linguistic typology tried to respond the issue of what could serve the basis for classifying the languages into "more primitive" and "more developed". but very soon it became clear that this starting point was incorrect: it turned to be impossible to make a judgment on the level of development of a language basing on its typological characteristics. absolutely different languages can fall into the same structural type, e.g. english or modern chinese ...

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