typological category of comparison

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1451619188_62792.doc typological category of comparison plan: · equal comparisons · unequal comparisons · illogical comparisons. · multiple number comparatives. · double comparatives. the category of comparison is a characteristic feature of adjectives and adverbs in the comparing languages. comparisions indicate degrees of differences with adjectives and adverbs and may be equal or unequal. equal comparisons an equal comparison indicates that the two entities are (or not if negative) exactly the same. in this case the sentence in the comparing languages take the following forms: eng.: s + v + as adj. / adv. + as + n/pr uzb.: s + n+чалик + adj./adv. + v e.g.: she is as clever as her mother. - у (қиз) онаси каби ақлли(дир). john is not as tall as his brother. - жон акасичалик новча эмас(дир). it should be kept in mind, that the subject form of the english pronoun is always used after …

arative degree is used when we speak of (compare) two things or actions. e.g.: heavier, slower, more straight, earlier, less quickly - кучлироқ, секинроқ, тўғрироқ, секинроқ superlative degree is used when more than two objects, phenomena or actions are compared. e.g.: the heaviest, the slowest, the earliest, the least quickly -энг кучли, энг секин (ҳаракат), энг эрта (пишган), энг имиллаган there are three ways of forming comparative and superlative degrees: synthetical, analytical and suppletive ways. 1) synthetically, i.e. by adding the suffixes -er, -est in english and -роқ in uzbek. this method is used for a) monosyllabic adjectives and adverbs. e.g.: positive comparative superlative new - янги newer-янги-роқ the newest-энг янги early -эрта earlier-эртароқ. the earliest - энг эрта b) disyllabic adjectives ending in -er, -ow, -y, -e e.g.: positive comparative superlative clever - ақлли clever-er - ақлли-роқ the clever-est - энг ақлли narrow - тор narrow-er - тор-роқ narrow-est …

adjectives ending in a double consonant remain unchanged; thick thicker the thickest fresh fresher the freshest c) adjectives with a mute [ ] at hte end have only -r, or -st. pale paler the palest fine finer the finest 2. analitically, i.e. by means of special words ‘more’ for the comparative degree and ‘most’ for the superlative degree. the superlative degree of the uzbek adjectives can also be considered as an analitical one as it is formed by means of the preceeding words “анча”, “бироз”, “энг”. this method is widely used in english for: a) most disyllabic adjectives and adverbs: careful- эҳтиёткор carefully-эҳтиёткорроқ the most careful- энг эҳтиёткор quickly - тез more quickly - (бироз) тезроқ the most quickly - энг тез (равишда) carefully - эҳтиёткорона (анча) эҳтиёткорлик билан the most carefully - энг эҳтиёткорлик билан b) adjectives and adverbs of more than two syllables: adventurous-саргузаштли more adventurous-анча саргузаштли(роқ) adventurous- …

unlike entities have been compared. one should be sure that that the items being compared are the same. these forms can be divided into three categories: possessive case of the english nouns [ ‘s] , postposional phrases such as ‘that of’ (for singular) and ‘those of’ (for plural). e.g.: his pronunciation is as perfect as his teacher’s. john’s car runs faster than mary’s. lessons in the university are more interesting than those of the secondary school. the climate in india is as hot as that of malasia. incorrect to say: his pronunciation is as perfect as his teacher. john’s car runs as fast as mary. 3. suppletively or irregularly, i.e. by changing the root (stem) of the word. afew adjectives and adverbs have irregular forms for the comparative and superlative degrees. study them. good - яхши better - яхшироқ the best - энг яхши bad - ёмон worse - ёмонроқ …

comparative + s + v. uzb.: s + қанча + comparative + v + s + шунча + comparative + v. e.g.: the faster you run, the more tired you feel. қанча тез(роқ) югурсанг, шунча кўп(роқ) чарчайсан. the more you sleep, the more irritable you you become. қанча кўп(роқ) ухласанг, шунча инжиқ(роқ) бўласан. there are some adjectives that on account of their meaning do not admitt comparison at all, such as unique, ful, empty, square round, wooden, daily, major, whole, etc. the same can be said about the uzbek “нисбий сифатлар” such as “ хусусий, оилавий, ижтимоий” etc. bibliography 1. modern english in action, henry i. christ, dc heath and company, boston 2001. 2. mountains are climbing, study book, boston 2003y. 3. english phonetic, a.a. abduazizov издательство «укитувчи» т. 1972 г. 4. reference guide to english, alice maclin, usa washington 1994 5. improve your sentence, ann m. sala, mccraw-hill, usa. …

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1451619188_62792.doc typological category of comparison plan: · equal comparisons · unequal comparisons · illogical comparisons. · multiple number comparatives. · double comparatives. the category of comparison is a characteristic feature of adjectives and adverbs in the comparing languages. comparisions indicate degrees of differences with adjectives and adverbs and may be equal or unequal. equal comparisons an equal comparison indicates that the two entities are (or not if negative) exactly the same. in this case the sentence in the comparing languages take the following forms: eng.: s + v + as adj. / adv. + as + n/pr uzb.: s + n+чалик + adj./adv. + v e.g.: she is as clever as her mother. - у (қиз) онаси каби ақлли(дир). john …

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