osteologiya. dobavochniy skelet

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razdel 3 . osteologiya. dobavochniy skelet ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ © «osteologiya» – pivchenko p. g. , xolamov a. i. , 2013 g. 191 | s t r a n i ts a glava 4. razvitie i stroenie skeleta nijney konechnosti. osobennosti stroeniya nijney konechnosti kak organa opori i peredvijeniya. rentgenoanatomiya skeleta nijney konechnosti. _______________________________________________________________________________________________ chast 1: stroenie skeleta nijney konechnosti poyas nijney konechnosti, cingulum membri inferioris:  parnaya tazovaya kost, os coxae (podvzdoshnaya kost, os ilium; lobkovaya kost, os pubis, i sedalishnaya kost, os ischii). skelet svobodnoy nijney konechnosti, sceleton membri inferioris liberi:  bedrennaya kost, femur;  nadkolennik, patella;  kosti goleni, ossa cruris (bolshaya bertsovaya kost, tibia, i malaya bertsovaya kost, fibula, seu peroneum);  kosti stopi, ossa pedis (predplyusna, tarsus; plyusna, metatarsus, i falangi paltsev, phalanges digitorum). 1 – os coxae; 3 – patella; 5 – fibula; 2 – femur; 4 – tibia; 7 – metatarsus; 8 – phalanges …

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i ts a ris. 3.4.3. kosti nijney konechnosti (sleva – vid sboku; sprava – palpiruemie obrazovaniya otmecheni krasnim). razdel 3 . osteologiya. dobavochniy skelet ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 194 | s t r a n i ts a © «osteologiya» – pivchenko p. g. , xolamov a. i. , 2013 g. chast 2: razvitie skeleta nijney konechnosti vse kosti nijney konechnosti proxodyat 3 stadii razvitiya: pereponchatuyu; xryashevuyu; kostnuyu. tazovaya kost pervaya tochka okosteneniya poyavlyaetsya na 4-m mesyatse embriogeneza v tele seda- lishnoy kosti; na 5-m mesyatse  v tele lobkovoy kosti i na 6-m mesyatse  v tele podvzdoshnoy kosti. na 1219 god jizni poyavlyayutsya vtorichnie tochki okosteneniya v podvzdoshnoy, lobkovoy i sedalishnoy kostyax. xryash mejdu telami etix kostey v oblasti vertlujnoy vpadini (y-obrazniy xryash) zameshaetsya kostnoy tkanyu k 16 godam jizni; srastanie vtorichnix to- chek okosteneniya s tazovoy kostyu proisxodit k 2225 godam. bedrennaya kost pervaya tochka okosteneniya poyavlyaetsya v kontse 2-go …

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tsovoy i malobertsovoy kostey otmechaetsya k 2024 godam. kosti predplyusni pervie tochki okosteneniya v embriogeneze obnarujivayutsya v pyatochnoy kosti (6-y mesyats), v tarannoy (78-y mesyatsi), v kubovidnoy (9-y mesyats) kostyax. posle rojdeniya tochki okosteneniya poyavlyayutsya v lateralnoy, promejutochnoy i medialnoy klino- vidnix kostyax (14 godi jizni), a takje v ladevidnoy kosti (45 god jizni). kosti plyusni pervie tochki okosteneniya poyavlyayutsya na 2-m mesyatse embrionalnogo razvitiya v diafizax, na 3-6 godu jizni  v epifizax; srastanie diafiza s epifizami proisxodit s 12 do 16 let jizni. falangi paltsev pervie tochki okosteneniya nablyudayutsya na 23-m mesyatsax vnutriutrobnogo razvitiya v diafize; na 34-m godu jizni  v osnovanii (monoepifizarnie kosti), srastanie (sinostoz) diafiza i epifiza proisxodit k 1820 godam. razdel 3 . osteologiya. dobavochniy skelet ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ © «osteologiya» – pivchenko p. g. , xolamov a. i. , 2013 g. 195 | s t r a n i ts a chast 3: noga kak …

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. 3.4.4. rentgenoanatomiya poyasa nijney konechnosti. razdel 3 . osteologiya. dobavochniy skelet ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 196 | s t r a n i ts a © «osteologiya» – pivchenko p. g. , xolamov a. i. , 2013 g. ris. 3.4.5. rentgenoanatomiya kolennogo sustava. ris. 3.4.6. rentgenoanatomiya stopi (vid sboku). razdel 3 . osteologiya. dobavochniy skelet ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ © «osteologiya» – pivchenko p. g. , xolamov a. i. , 2013 g. 197 | s t r a n i ts a ris. 3.4.7. rentgenoanatomiya stopi (vid sverxu). razdel 3 . osteologiya. dobavochniy skelet ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 198 | s t r a n i ts a © «osteologiya» – pivchenko p. g. , xolamov a. i. , 2013 g. glava 5. skelet poyasa nijney konechnosti. _______________________________________________________________________________________________ tazovaya kost, os coxae, do 16 let obrazovana tremya otdelnimi kostyami, so- edinennimi sinxondrozom. k 16 godam podvzdoshnaya, lobkovaya i sedalishnaya kosti srastayutsya telami v edinuyu kost  tazovuyu (ris. …

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a podvzdoshnaya ost, spina iliaca posterior superior;  nijnyaya zadnyaya podvzdoshnaya ost, spina iliaca posterior inferior;  podvzdoshnaya yamka, fossa iliaca, – s vnutrenney storoni krila;  yagodichnaya poverxnost, facies glutealis, – s narujnoy storoni krila;  perednyaya yagodichnaya liniya, linea glutea anterior, – proxodit po seredine narujnoy poverxnosti krila;  zadnyaya yagodichnaya liniya, linea glutea posterior, – imeet vertikalnoe napravlenie;  nijnyaya yagodichnaya liniya, linea glutea inferior, – proxodit dugoy nad vertlujnoy vpadinoy;  *podvzdoshniy bugorok, tuberculum iliacum, – bugorok, raspolojenniy v meste peresecheniya narujnoy gubi i peredney yagodichnoy linii;  ushkovidnaya poverxnost, facies auricularis, – slujit dlya sochleneniya s kresttsom;  podvzdoshnaya bugristost, tuberositas iliaca;  *kresttsovotazovaya poverxnost, facies sacropelvina, – vklyuchaet v sebya ushkovidnuyu poverxnost i podvzdoshnuyu bugristost;  dugoobraznaya liniya, linea arcuata, – proxodit po vnutrenney poverxnosti nijnego kraya krila. lobkovaya kost, os pubis  telo lobkovoy kosti, corpus ossis pubis;  podvzdoshno-lobkovoe vozvishenie, eminentia iliopubica; …

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razdel 3 . osteologiya. dobavochniy skelet ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ © «osteologiya» – pivchenko p. g. , xolamov a. i. , 2013 g. 191 | s t r a n i ts a glava 4. razvitie i stroenie skeleta nijney konechnosti. osobennosti stroeniya nijney konechnosti kak organa opori i peredvijeniya. rentgenoanatomiya skeleta nijney konechnosti. _______________________________________________________________________________________________ chast 1: stroenie skeleta nijney konechnosti poyas nijney konechnosti, cingulum membri inferioris:  parnaya tazovaya kost, os coxae (podvzdoshnaya kost, os ilium; lobkovaya kost, os pubis, i sedalishnaya kost, os ischii). sk...

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