application of psychoanalytic therapy

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application of psychoanalytic therapy freud has suggested a number of techniques to the application of his psychoanalytic theory. techniques the classical image of psychoanalysis is of the analyst presenting her/himself as a blank screen upon which the client can project her/his feelings. this is probably less true of the psychodynamic counselor today, who will aim to establish a warm relationship with her/his clients whilst remaining detached, in order to allow the transference and to interpret the resistances occurring in the therapeutic process. the counselor working with this approach is unlikely to reveal aspects of her/his own life or to share feelings with the client. 1. dream interpretation freud believed that dreams have much to tell us about the unconscious mind, and so the interpretation of dreams is an important aspect of the psychodynamic approach. the purpose of dreams, he wrote, was wish fulfillment—to express primitive sexual and aggressive wishes. the …

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offer an interpretation. the aim of this intervention is to elucidate unconscious feelings or ideas of which the client is unaware.the unconscious is the part of the mind which is inaccessible to the conscious mind, but which controls much of our behavior and emotions. freud believed that this area of the mind is only accessible through dreams and fantasies. you will probably have heard of the phrase ‘freudian slip’(or slip of tongue, or slip of pen), used when someone says something that is apparently not intentional but which may be an example of what they really think or feel. this may be seen as an example of the unconscious at work. a skilful interpretation will observe those feelings that are close enough to the surface to enter into consciousness. this linking can reunite split-off, or separated, feelings that the client has been unable to acknowledge as belonging together. 3. resistances …

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the goals of the psychodynamic counselor will be to break through these resistances and ego defenses and help the person resolve the conflict. the counseling process will be viewed as a continuation of the client’s defense mechanisms that occur at varying levels of individual consciousness. degrees of consciousness include unconsciousness, preconscious, and conscious. the unconscious refers to behavior that occurs without self-communication and is not subject to social control. the preconscious includes impulses and inclinations that influence our actions and remain outside our awareness until we question them. then, preconscious elements can be reflected on consciously. consciousness refers to those sensations, feelings, ideas, and impulses that are readily available for consideration or study. 4. transference this refers to the notion that, whilst in counseling, the client ‘transfers’ onto the counselor emotions which are connected with a significant figure from the past. this is usually mother, father or siblings. aspects of …

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into the sources of her/his own conflicts. 6. projection projection involves the process by which the person attributes unacceptable internal thoughts, feelings, and behaviors to other people or the environment. it thus enables a person to blame someone or something else for his/her own shortcomings. the individual is unable to accept her/his more difficult feelings and so unconsciously projects them onto another person. an example of projection is a person who has difficulty in recognizing and accepting her/his feelings of anger. this may be for many reasons, including the way s/he was treated when s/he became angry as a child. s/he may projecther/his anger onto other people, who are then experienced as being angry with her/him. energy is directed towards continuing to deny one’s own anger and blaming others for their angry behavior rather than using the energy to accept and integrate it. attachment attachment “is a strong affectional tie …

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conceptual framework, attachment develops in four stages, progressing from a fondness for people in general to an attachment to specific individuals who care for them (berk, 2012b; kail & cavanaugh, 2016; steinberg et al., 2011a). they include the following stages: stage 1: “preattachment.” during the first two months of life, infants learn to distinguish between people and things. subsequently, they respond increasingly more to people in general by smiling and vocalizing. stage 2: “attachment in the making.” from age 2 to 8 months, infants learn to distinguish between primary caregivers and strangers. they respond more positively to caregivers and display enthusiasm and excitement during their interactions. they also demonstrate upset when the caregiver leaves. the complex process of emotional attachment develops as the infant and caregiver learn how to respond to each other. stage 3: “true attachment.” from age 8 to 18 months, infants search out their caregivers and try …

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application of psychoanalytic therapy freud has suggested a number of techniques to the application of his psychoanalytic theory. techniques the classical image of psychoanalysis is of the analyst presenting her/himself as a blank screen upon which the client can project her/his feelings. this is probably less true of the psychodynamic counselor today, who will aim to establish a warm relationship with her/his clients whilst remaining detached, in order to allow the transference and to interpret the resistances occurring in the therapeutic process. the counselor working with this approach is unlikely to reveal aspects of her/his own life or to share feelings with the client. 1. dream interpretation freud believed that dreams have much to tell us about the unconscious mind, …

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