bo’ylama kuchlar

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ib keltirish mumkin. demak, bunda birinchi bobda keltirilgan ichki kuch faktorlaridan faqat bittasi qoladi, ya’ni (3.1) bo’ylama kuchlar. demak, bo‘ylama kuch deb sterjenning ko‘ndalang kesimida hosil bo‘lgan normal kuchlanishlarning teng ta’sir etuvchisiga aytiladi. bo‘ylama kuchlarni aniqlash uchun kesish usulidan foydalanamiz. cho‘zuvchi bo‘ylama kuchlarni qaralayotgan kesimdan tashqariga, siquvchi bo‘ylama kuchlarni kesimga qaratib yo‘naltiramiz. cho‘zuvchi bo‘ylama kuchni musbat, siquvchi bo‘ylama kuchni esa manfiy deb qabul qilamiz. ko‘ndalang kesimdagi bo‘ylama kuchni kesimdan tashqariga yo‘naltiramiz, agar hisoblar natijalarida bo‘ylama kuch manfiy ishora bilan chiqsa, uning yo‘nalishini teskari tomonga o‘zgartiramiz. sterjen ko‘ndalang kesimda o‘qi bo‘ylab hosil bo‘lgan bo‘ylama kuchning o‘zgarish qonunini ko‘rsatuvchi grafik bo‘ylama kuch epyurasi deb ataladi. bo‘ylama kuch epyurasini qurishni quyidagi misolda ko‘rib chiqamiz (3.2-rasm). 3.2-rasm. 2. cho’ziluvchi (siqiluvchi) sterjen ko’ndalang kesimidagi kuchlanishlarni hisoblash tenglamalari. 3.3-rasm. shunday qilib, kuchlanishning ko‘ndalang kesim bo‘yicha tarqalish qonuni aniq bo‘lmaguncha (3.1) integral tenglamadan kuchlanishni aniqlab bo‘lmaydi, qaralayotgan masala statik aniqmas. kuchlanishning cheksiz ko‘p statik mumkin bo‘lgan epyuralaridan …

jib ko‘chadi. bu tajriba tekis kesim gipotezasiga to‘g‘ri keladi, bu gipotezani birinchi bo‘lib golland olimi ya.bernulli aytganligi uchun uning nomi bilan ham yuritiladi. tekis kesim gipotezasi – sterjenning deformatsiyagacha tekis bo‘lgan va sterjen o‘qiga perpendikulyar bo‘lgan kesimlari deformatsiyadan keyin ham tekis va sterjen o‘qiga perpendikulyar. (3.2) 3. cho’ziluvchi (siqiluvchi) prizmatik sterjenning bo’ylama deformatsiya. guk qonuni. absolyut bo‘ylama cho‘zilish quyidagi formula bilan ifodalanadi. (3.3) 3.4-rasm. sterjen uzunlik birligiga to‘g‘ri keluvchi absolyut bo‘ylama deformatsiya nisbiy bo‘ylama deformatsiya deb ataladi va bilan belgilanadi: shunday qilib, markaziy cho‘zilishda nisbiy bo‘ylama deformatsiya quyidagi formula bilan ifodalanadi: (3.4) bu formuladan ko‘rinib turibdiki, nisbiy bo‘ylama deformatsiya birlik o‘lchovisiz son. guk qonuni. tashqi kuchlar ta’sirida qattiq jismlarda hosil bo‘ladigan deformatsiya va kuchlanishning o‘zaro bog‘liqlik masalasi ko‘plab tadqiqotchilar tomonidan o‘rganilgan. 1676-yilda r.guk tomonidan birincha marotaba – «kuch qanday bo‘lsa, cho‘zilish ham shunday» bo‘ladi degan faraz o‘rtaga tashlanadi. keyingi davrlarda olib borilgan ko‘plab tadqiqotlar yuklanish va deformatsiya orasida, ya’ni kuchlanish …

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