the doctrine of the actual division of a sentence

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the ministry of higher and secondary specialized education of the republic of uzbekistan kokand state pedagogical institute named after mukimi the faculty of foreign language the department of the english language and literature course work subject; theoretical aspects of foreign language theme: the doctrine of the actual division of a sentence submitted by: 4th year bachelor’s student _________________________________ scientefic adviser: __________________________________ kokand-2025 contents: introduction……………………………………………………………...…3 chapter i. the actual division of a sentence 1.1.general information about the actual division of sentences……………………7 1.2 features a real division of sentences……..……………………….………….14 chapter ii. communicative types of sentences 2.1.the basic role of sentences in actual division……………………….……….19 2.2. different approaches to the actual division of a sentence…...……………….27 conclusion……………………………………………………………..……34 bibliography…………………………………………………………..……38 introduction according to the decision of the president of the republic of uzbekistan «on measures to bring the activities of popularization of learning foreign languages to a qualitatively new level in the republic of uzbekistan» dated may …

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its various components, the sentence expresses predicative semantics, which reflects various relations between the nominative content of the sentence and reality. one of the first attempts to analyze linguistically the contextually relevant communicative semantics of the sentence was undertaken by the scholars of the prague lingistic circle at the beginning of the 20th century. the czech linguist vilém mathesius was the first to describe the informative value of different parts of the sentence in the actual process of communication, making the informative perspective of an utterance and showing which component of the denoted situation is informationally more important from the point of view of the speaker. by analogy with the grammatical, or nominative division of the sentence the idea of the so-called “actual division” of the sentence was put forward. this linguistic theory is known as the functional analysis of the sentence, the communicative analysis, the actual division analysis, or …

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. – again (transition) charlie (theme) is late (rheme). the rheme is the obligatory informative component of a sentence, there may be sentences which include only the rheme; the theme and the transition are optional. the theory of actual division of the sentence is connected with the logical analysis of the proposition. the principal parts of the proposition are the logical subject and the logical predicate; these two parts correlate with the theme and the rheme of the sentence respectively. logical analysis deals with the process of thinking and the actual division reveals the corresponding lingual means of rendering the informative content in the process of communication[1]. the logical subject and the logical predicate, like the theme and the rheme, may or may not coincide, respectively, with the subject and the predicate of the sentence. when the actual division of the sentence reflects the natural flow of thinking directed from …

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the actual division of the sentence with the context, which makes it possible to divide the informative parts of the communication into those “already known” by the listener and those “not yet known”, does not mean that the actual division is a purely semantic factor. there are special formal lingual means of expressing the distinction between the meaningful center of the utterance, the rheme, and the starting point of its content, the theme. they are as follows: word order patterns, constructions with introducers, syntactic patterns of contrastive complexes, constructions with articles and other determiners, constructions with intensifying particles, and intonation contours. the connection between word order and actual division has been described above: direct actual division usually means that the theme coincides with the subject in the syntactic structure of the sentence, while the rheme coincides with the predicate. inverted word order can indicate inverted actual division, though the correlation …

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ter i. the actual division of a sentence 1.1. general information about the actual division of sentences articles and other determiners, in accord with their either identifying or generalizing semantics, are used to identify the informative part “already known“, the theme (definite determiners) or the “not yet known” information, the rheme (indefinite determiners). e.g.: the man (theme) appeared unexpectedly. – a man (rheme) appeared. but this correlation is not obligatory, because the theme is not always the information already known; it may be something about which certain information is given, so, the indefinite article may be used with the theme too, e.g.: a voice called mary. various intensifying particles, such as only, just, merely, namely, at least, rather than, even, precisely, etc., identify the nominative part of the sentence before which they are used as the rheme, e.g.: only charlie is late today. similar is the function of the intensifying …

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the ministry of higher and secondary specialized education of the republic of uzbekistan kokand state pedagogical institute named after mukimi the faculty of foreign language the department of the english language and literature course work subject; theoretical aspects of foreign language theme: the doctrine of the actual division of a sentence submitted by: 4th year bachelor’s student _________________________________ scientefic adviser: __________________________________ kokand-2025 contents: introduction……………………………………………………………...…3 chapter i. the actual division of a sentence 1.1.general information about the actual division of sentences……………………7 1.2 features a real division of sentences……..……………………….………….14 chapter ii. communicative types of sentences 2.1.the basic role of sentences in...

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