the immune system ianps 020, 2014

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powerpoint presentation * the immune system i anps 020, 2014 mckinley. o’loughlin & bidle anatomy and physiology: an integrative approach references: chapter 21 pp. 823 - 839 chapter 22 pp. 840 - 882 * autoimmune diseases, lupus, ms, hyperthyroidism, rheumatold arthritis are interesting and threatening aids (acquired immune deficiency syndrome) caused by hiv (human immunodeficiency virus) a defect in cd4 t cells and macs by human immunodeficiency virus leads to collapse of the immune system that culminates in aids. these topics as well as organ and tissue transplants make this topic of interest. objectives list the body’s nonspecific defense mechanisms and explain the function of each define specific resistance, and identify the properties of immunity distinguish between humoral (antibody-mediated) immunity and cell-mediated immunity describe the mechanisms of b-lymphocyte activation and their differentiation into plasma cells and memory cells explain the structure and function of antibodies describe the types of t- …

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eria, fungi, parasites, and protozoans other environmental substances challenge the lymphatic system environmental pathogens (poison ivy, etc) toxins (not metals – joint transplants) abnormal body cells such as cancers the immune system is coupled with the lymphatic system * skin only barrier that keeps pathogens out foreign component can be both environmental pathogen or cancer any body want some chips from baltimore? where and how do we defend against disease pathogens? these 2 categories of immune mechanisms work together * b & t lymphocytes have very specific receptors, recognize only very specific types of foreign components overview of the immune system (figure 22.2) copyright © the mcgraw-hill companies, inc. permission required for reproduction or display. immune system adaptive immunity delayed response to specific antigen b-lymphocytes (humoral immunity) t-lymphocytes (cell-mediated immunity) plasma cells (synthesize and release antibodies) physiologic responses (e.g., inflammation, fever) chemicals (e.g., interferon, complement) cells (e.g., macrophages, nk cells) …

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l cells. interferons: chemical messengers that coordinate the defenses against viral infections. antiviral proteins do not kill viruses but block replication in cell complement: complement action of antibodies to destroy pathogens inflammation: triggers a complex inflammatory response limiting the spread of infection fever: a high body temperature which increases body metabolism, accelerates defenses and accelerates body defenses * rapid response physical barrier in lungs, digestive system, urinary system phagocyte- endocytose material, mix with lysosomal solution & kill physical barriers – 1st line of defense outer layer of skin; hair; epithelial layers of internal passageways; dermis secretions that flush away materials: sweat glands, lacrimal glands, mucus, and urine secretions that kill or inhibit microorganisms: enzymes, antibodies (iga in tears), and stomach acid. direction of secretion (one way direction - urination) can prevent or retard the movement of pathogens into the body acid secretion- bacteria killed women with uti- urethra is shorter …

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into connective tissue the “clean-up crew”: phagocytose debris and digest via lysosomes neutrophils enter first then macrophages (derived from monocytes) eosinophils involved with parasitic infections and antigen-antibody complexes also an apc residue is exocytosed phagolysosome destroys infectious agent phagosome lysosome macrophage infectious agent engulfed neutrophil, macrophage, eosinophil: phagocytic cells phagosome & lysosome combine apc- antigen presenting cell (presents foreign component) copyright © the mcgraw-hill companies, inc. permission required for reproduction or display. (b) venule eicosanoids histamine basophil arteriole basophil and mast cell: proinflammatory chemical-secreting cells heparin vasodilation increases capillary permeability capillary anticoagulant increases inflamation basophils open up vessels & increase blood flow help inflammation occur mast cell chemicals cause muscle in arterioles to vasodilate, increase capillary permeability eosinophils: parasite-destroying cells (figure 22.3d) copyright © the mcgraw-hill companies, inc. permission required for reproduction or display. eosinophil parasitic worm cytotoxic chemicals eosinophils: parasite-destroying cells (d) eosinophils also phagocytose antigen-antibody complexes * how …

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r display. recognizes unhealthy cell (usually expressing abnormal proteins or viral proteins – uses perforins (make a hole in the membrane) and granzymes (initiate apoptosis – programmed cell death via gene expression apoptosis unhealthy or unwanted cell nk cell granzymes enter pore, causing apoptosis of cell perforin forms a transmembrane pore perforin and granzyme nk cell: apoptosis-initiating cells immunological surveillance: nk cells 2 ways to kill a cell: lyze it (damages cells in surrounding area) or apoptosis (kills cell but does not release lyzosomal components so other cells are not damaged) less selective than lymphocytes respond to a variety of abnormal cell antigens; any cell with abnormal ags will be attacked; highly versatile; attack bacteria in solution, viruses, and cancer cells. respond quickly and has fc receptors so will recognize an antibody attached to antigens expressed on the surface of an infected cell. binds receptors of neighboring cells: promotes macrophage …

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О "the immune system ianps 020, 2014"

powerpoint presentation * the immune system i anps 020, 2014 mckinley. o’loughlin & bidle anatomy and physiology: an integrative approach references: chapter 21 pp. 823 - 839 chapter 22 pp. 840 - 882 * autoimmune diseases, lupus, ms, hyperthyroidism, rheumatold arthritis are interesting and threatening aids (acquired immune deficiency syndrome) caused by hiv (human immunodeficiency virus) a defect in cd4 t cells and macs by human immunodeficiency virus leads to collapse of the immune system that culminates in aids. these topics as well as organ and tissue transplants make this topic of interest. objectives list the body’s nonspecific defense mechanisms and explain the function of each define specific resistance, and identify the properties of immunity distinguish between humoral (antibody-...

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