acid-base balance

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acid-base balance acid-base balance the acid-base balance is one of the major homeostatic mechanisms that keep the h+ concentration in the body fluids constant. the ph of the body fluids is kept constant within very narrow limits of change. this is because minute changes in ph produce marked biological changes in the cell. regulation of the blood ph (acid-base homeostasis) all the acid-base homeostatic mechanism in the body work with the aim to maintain the ratio hco3/co2 in the arterial plasma constant at 20. there are 2 basic mechanisms for regulating the acid-base balance in the body: 1- chemical regulation: by buffer. 2- physiological regulation: by respiratory system and the kidney. chemical regulation: this is carried out by the chemical buffers. the chemical buffers constitute the first line of defense against changes in the blood ph. however, their power is limited by the amount of buffers in the body fluids. …

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ing from accumulation of co2 or depletion of bicarbonate. the ph of arterial plasma is lower than 7.4. types of acidosis according to the cause and characteristic features of acidosis, it is classified into two types: a) metabolic. b) respiratory. respiratory acidosis this occurs due to due to an increase in the co2 blood level. the ratio (r) decreases below 20 causing drop of the blood ph. causes: 1- respiratory center depression by narcotic like morphine. 2- airway obstruction. 3- pulmonary diseases e.g. pulmonary fibrosis or edema. 4- respiratory muscle paralysis. 5- central sleep apnea. 6- pure oxygen therapy. correction this occurs by renal correction only. the co2 increases in the tubular cells, so h+ secretion increases leading to: a) complete hco3 reabsorption in the pcts. b) formation and reabsorption of new hco3. c) excretion of acidic urine containing excessive amounts of acid phosphates and ammonium salts. metabolic acidosis this …

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ection this is more efficient than the respiratory correction but it are delayed and require a longer time. the co2 increase in the tubular cells, so h+ secretion increases leading to: a) complete hco3 reabsorption in the pcts. b) formation and reabsorption of new hco3. c) excretion of acidic urine containing excessive amounts of acid phosphates and ammonium salts. alkalosis alkalosis is a state of decreased h+ concentration in the body fluid resulting from accumulation of bicarbonate or decrease of co2. the ph of arterial plasma is higher than 7.4. types of alkalosis according to the cause and characteristic features of alkalosis, it is classified into two types: a) metabolic. b) respiratory. a) metabolic alkalosis metabolic alkalosis results either from loss of h+ or intake of bicarbonate. metabolic alkalosis is characterized by: 1- an increase in the hco3 level in the plasma. 2- an increase in the hco3/co2 ratio. 3- …

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he co2 blood level. the ratio increases above 20 causing rise of the blood ph. causes: 1- hyperventilation as in high altitudes. 2- psychogenic dyspnea and anxiety. 3- neurological disorders as tumors, strokes, meningitis and certain trauma of the brain. 4- fever. correction this occurs by renal correction only. the co2 decrease in the tubular cells, so h+ secretion decreases leading to: 1- incomplete hco3 reabsorption in the pcts and the excess is excreted in the urine. 2- decreased addition of new hco3. 3- excretion of alkaline urine containing excess hco3. 4- minimal excretion of acid phosphates and ammonium salts.

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acid-base balance acid-base balance the acid-base balance is one of the major homeostatic mechanisms that keep the h+ concentration in the body fluids constant. the ph of the body fluids is kept constant within very narrow limits of change. this is because minute changes in ph produce marked biological changes in the cell. regulation of the blood ph (acid-base homeostasis) all the acid-base homeostatic mechanism in the body work with the aim to maintain the ratio hco3/co2 in the arterial plasma constant at 20. there are 2 basic mechanisms for regulating the acid-base balance in the body: 1- chemical regulation: by buffer. 2- physiological regulation: by respiratory system and the kidney. chemical regulation: this is carried out by the chemical …

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acid-base balance

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