basic grammatical features of west germanic and roman languages

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theme: theme: basic grammatical features of west germanic and roman languages teacher: yokutkhon rakhmonkulova like other old ie languages both proto-germanic and the og languages had a synthetic grammatical structure, which means that the relationships between the parts of the sentence were shown by the forms of the words rather than by their position or by auxiliary words. in later period of their development all the germanic languages were characterized by analytical forms and ways of word connection. in the early periods the grammatical forms were built in the synthetic way: by means of inflections, sound interchanges and suppletion. the suppletive way of form building was inherited from ancient ie, it was restricted to a few personal pronouns, adjectives and verbs. the following forms of pronoun in germanic and non-germanic languages show us the fact stated above. latin french russian gothic old english modern english ego je я ik ic …

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egree of inflection is considerably less than in old german, or in icelandic today. the three genders have collapsed in the plural, which now behaves, grammatically, somewhat as a fourth gender. with four cases and three genders plus plural there are 16 distinct possible combinations of case and gender/number, but presently there are only six forms of the definite article used for the 16 possibilities. inflection for case on the noun itself is required in the singular for strong masculine and neuter nouns in the genitive and sometimes in the dative. this dative ending is considered somewhat old-fashioned in many contexts and often dropped, but it is still used in sayings and in formal speech or written language. weak masculine nouns share a common case ending for genitive, dative and accusative in the singular. feminines are not declined in the singular. the plural does have an inflection for the dative. …

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also english compounds.) the longest official german word is rindflcischetiketticrungsuberwacluingsaufgahcnubertragungsgcsetz there is even a child's game played in kindergartens and primary schools where a child begins the spelling of a word (which is not told) by naming the first letter. the next one tells the next letter, the third one tells the third and so on. the game is over when the a child can not think of another letter to be added to the word (see ghost). the original structure of a substantive in germanic, as well as in other indoeuropean languages, presents itself as follows. a substantive consists of 3 elements: the root, a stem-building suffix, a case inflexion. the meaning of the root is clear: it is the lexical meaning of the substantive. a case inflexion expresses the relation between the thing denoted by the substantive and other thing, or actions and also the category of number. …

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terdental fricative consonant. the use of the dental suffix is seen in the following forms of weak verbs in o.g. languages: infinitive past tense part ii mne domjan domida[ð] domiþs deem, deemed kalla kallaða kallaðr call, called macian macode macod make, made as it is shown in the examples, the dental suffix [ð,ө,d] is marker of the past and participle ii. verb inflection standard german verbs inflect into: - one of two conjugation classes, weak and strong (like english). (note: in fact there is a third class, called "gemischte verben", which can be either weak ("active meaning") or strong ("passive meaning"). there are about 200 strong or irregular verbs.) - three persons: 1st, 2nd, 3rd. - two numbers: singular and plural - three moods: indicative, subjunctive, imperative - two general verb: active and passive; the passive being composed and dividable into static and dynamic. - two non-composed tenses (present, preterite) …

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ic languages: pytheas, julius caesar, pliny the elder, ulfilas 2. how does the mutual relation between classification of germanic tribes appear made by the 19th century linguists? 3. what centuries do the written records of the gothic language antedate? 4. is there any east germanic language spoken nowadays? 5. what are the north germanic languages? 6. what is the earliest name of the north germanic languages and when did its disintegration begin? 7. where were the west germanic languages spoken on the eve of the “great migrations” of the west germanic tribes? 8. which group of tribes spoke english according to pliny’s classification? 9. what is the origin of modern german? 10.where and by whom is yiddish spoken? /docprops/thumbnail.jpeg

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theme: theme: basic grammatical features of west germanic and roman languages teacher: yokutkhon rakhmonkulova like other old ie languages both proto-germanic and the og languages had a synthetic grammatical structure, which means that the relationships between the parts of the sentence were shown by the forms of the words rather than by their position or by auxiliary words. in later period of their development all the germanic languages were characterized by analytical forms and ways of word connection. in the early periods the grammatical forms were built in the synthetic way: by means of inflections, sound interchanges and suppletion. the suppletive way of form building was inherited from ancient ie, it was restricted to a few personal pronouns, adjectives and …

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