general information about germanic languages

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слайд 1 lecture 2 general information about germanic languages ancient germanic tribes and classification of their languages chief characteristics of the germanic languages "primitive germanic" "proto-germanic" split from the other ie languages between the 15th and the 10th c. bc north germanic west germanic east germanic from southern scandinavia and all along north sea and baltic coasts from the meuse river in the west to the vistula in the east around 750 bc. the southward movement - ca 600 bc – ca 300 bc the writings of caesar, tacitus, etc. groups of germanic-speaking people: the oder and vistula (the vindili) the lower rhine (istvaeones) the river elbe (irminones or hermiones); jutland and the danish islands (ingvaeones); the territory of dacia, close to modern rumania (the peucini and bastarnae); scandinavia (the hilleviones). 19th century classification east germanic (vindili: the goths, vandals, burgundians) west germanic (ingvaeones: the saxons, angles, jutes, frisians; istvaeones: …

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implification of the verbal system: categories of tense and aspect present and preterite (past) 4. ablaut (gradation): the vowel interchange in the root of nouns and verbs eg.: везу/ воз, гремит/ гром ablaut in strong verbs (1) the infinitive (2) the past singular (3) the past plural (4) the second participle class infinitive past singular past plural second participle i reisan rais risum risans ii kiusan kaus kusum kusans the gradation series are: class i: i: – ai – i – i class ii: iu – au – u – u 5. germanic developed a preterite tense (also called weak) dental suffix -d or -t 6. the noun in germanic the root + a stem-building suffix + a grammatical inflection (1) vocalic stems: -a-, - ō-, -i-, -u- stems. (2) n-stems. (3) stems in other consonants: -s- and –r- stems. (4) root stems. gothic dative plural nouns: dagam (to days) …

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, sanscrit pitat gothic fadar old english fæder voicing of voiceless fricatives occurred if they were non-word-initial and if the vowel preceding them carried no stress in pie patér – early pgmc faθár – fáðar – gothic - fádar if an ie voiceless stop was preceded by an unstressed vowel, the voiceless fricative which developed from it in accordance with grimm’s law became voiced, and later this voiced fricative became a voiced stop. rhotacism s - z – r from old latin lases-lares goth maiza – oe māra pgmc had a synthetic type of form-building synthetic languages : content root morpheme with one or more affixes inflections, sound interchange, suppletion synthetic vs. analytic what is the name of the parent language of the germanic peoples. what are the branches of the germanic group of languages? when did the germanic language become separated from other ie languages? which is the only …

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слайд 1 lecture 2 general information about germanic languages ancient germanic tribes and classification of their languages chief characteristics of the germanic languages "primitive germanic" "proto-germanic" split from the other ie languages between the 15th and the 10th c. bc north germanic west germanic east germanic from southern scandinavia and all along north sea and baltic coasts from the meuse river in the west to the vistula in the east around 750 bc. the southward movement - ca 600 bc – ca 300 bc the writings of caesar, tacitus, etc. groups of germanic-speaking people: the oder and vistula (the vindili) the lower rhine (istvaeones) the river elbe (irminones or hermiones); jutland and the danish islands (ingvaeones); the territory of dacia, …

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