pecularities of north germanic and roman languages

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theme: theme: pecularities of north germanic and roman languages: consonant system, sound laws teacher: yokutkhon rakhmonkulova the north germanic languages make up one of the three branches of the germanic languages—a sub-family of the indo-european languages—along with the west germanic languages and the extinct east germanic languages. the language group is also referred to as the nordic languages, a direct translation of the most common term used among danish, faroese, icelandic, norwegian, and swedish scholars and people. the term north germanic languages is used in comparative linguistics,[1] whereas the term scandinavian languages appears in studies of the modern standard languages and the dialect continuum of scandinavia.[2][3] danish, norwegian and swedish are close enough to form a strong mutual intelligibility where cross-border communication in native languages is very common, particularly between the latter two. features shared with west germanic[edit] the north germanic group is characterized by a number of phonological and …

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est germanic *geba > ohg geba, oe giefe (unstressed a > e) vs. gothic gibōs. the development of i-umlaut. after the old norse period, the north germanic languages developed into an east scandinavian branch, consisting of danish and swedish; and, secondly, a west scandinavian branch, consisting of norwegian, faroese and icelandic and, thirdly, an old gutnish branch.[11] norwegian settlers brought old west norse to iceland and the faroe islands around 800. of the modern scandinavian languages, written icelandic is closest to this ancient language.[12] an additional language, known as norn, developed on orkney and shetland after vikings had settled there around 800, but this language became extinct around 1700.[4] in medieval times, speakers of all the scandinavian languages could understand one another to a significant degree, and it was often referred to as a single language, called the "danish tongue" until the 13th century by some in sweden[12] and iceland.[13] …

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h – in great britain, ireland, the usa, canada, australia, new zealand, the south african republic and many other countries of british commonwealth; german – in germany, austria, luxemburg, liechtenstein, part of switzerland; netherlandish – in the netherlands and flanders (belgium); africaans – in the south african republic; danish – in denmark; swedish – in sweden and finland; norwegian – in norway; icelandic – in iceland; frisian – in some regions of the netherlands and the northern coasts of germany; faroese – in the faroe islands; yiddish – in different countries. afrikaans afrikaans is a contemporary west germanic language developed from seventeenth century dutch. it is one of the eleven official languages of the republic of south africa. "although afrikaans derives from dutch, it was also influenced by malay (spoken by the slaves in the 17th century) and the indigenous african languages. the first recognizable form of afrikaans was apparently …

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contemporary descendent of old norwegian. bokmal, also called danonorwegian or riksmal, is really a form of danish. nynorsk is more prevalent in rural areas; bokmal in the cities. since 1951 there has been a concerted effort to effect a merger of the two dialects. number of speakers (1988): 5 million as the indo-europeans extended over a large territory, the ancient germans or teutons moved further north than other tribes and settled on the southern coast of the baltic sea in the region of the elbe. this place is regarded as the most probable original home of teutons. it is here that they developed their first specifically germanic linguistic features, which made them a separate group in the indo-european family. the external history of the ancient teutons around the beginning of our era is known from classical writings. the first mention of germanic tribes was made by pitheas, a greek historian …

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erentiation increased with the migration and geographical expansion of the teutons caused by overpopulation, poor agricultural technique and scanty natural resources in the areas of their original settlement. toward the beginning of our era, the common period the germanic history came to an end. the teutons had extended over a larger territory and the protogermanic language broke into parts the specific peculiarities of consonants constitute the most remarkable distinctive feature of the germanic linguistic group. comparison with other languages within the ie family reveals regular correspondences between germanic and non-germanic consonants. the changes of consonants in protogermanic were first formulated in terms of a phonetic law by jacob grimm and are often called grimm’s law. west germanic languages show a peculiar phenomenon in the sphere of consonants, which has been called “west germanic lengthening of consonants”. its essence is this. every consonant ( with the single exception of “r”) is …

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theme: theme: pecularities of north germanic and roman languages: consonant system, sound laws teacher: yokutkhon rakhmonkulova the north germanic languages make up one of the three branches of the germanic languages—a sub-family of the indo-european languages—along with the west germanic languages and the extinct east germanic languages. the language group is also referred to as the nordic languages, a direct translation of the most common term used among danish, faroese, icelandic, norwegian, and swedish scholars and people. the term north germanic languages is used in comparative linguistics,[1] whereas the term scandinavian languages appears in studies of the modern standard languages and the dialect continuum of scandinavia.[2][3] danish, norwegian and swedish are close enough to form...

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