profiles of typical development for children ages 4 months to 11 years

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introduction knowledge of human development and developmental milestones can be directly applied to social work practice. assessment is a basic fact of intervention throughout the lifespan. in order to assess human needs and human behavior accurately, the social worker must know what is considered normal or appropriate. he or she must decide when intervention is necessary and when it is not. comparing observed behavior with what is considered normal behavior provides a guideline for these decisions. this book will address issues in human development throughout the lifespan. a basic understanding of every age level is important for generalist practice. however, an understanding of the normal developmental milestones for young children is especially critical. early assessment of potential developmental lags or problems allows for maximum alleviation or prevention of future difficulties. for example, early diagnosis of a speech problem will alert parents and teachers to provide special remedial help for a …
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t categories. they include motor or physical behavior, play activities, adaptive behavior that involves taking care of self, social responses, and language development. all five topics are addressed together at each developmental age level in order to provide a more complete assessment profile. occasionally, case vignettes are presented that describe children of various ages. evaluate to what extent each of these children fits the developmental profile. age 4 months motor: four-month-old infants typically can balance their heads at a 90-degree angle. they can also lift their heads and chests when placed on their stomachs in a prone position. they begin to discover themselves. they frequently watch their hands, keep their fingers busy, and place objects in their mouths. adaptive: infants are able to recognize their bottles. the sight of a bottle often stimulates bodily activity. sometimes teething begins tins early, although the average age is closer to 6 or 7 …
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st or crackers. they will be able to munch instead of being limited to sucking. social: babies of this age can begin imitating facial expressions and gestures. they can play pata-cake and peekaboo, and wave bye-bye. language: babbling becomes frequent and complex. most babies will be able to attempt copying the verbal sounds they hear. many can say a few words or sounds such as mama or dada. however, they don’t yet understand the meaning of words. age 1 year motor: by age 1 year, most babies can crawl well, which makes them highly mobile. although they usually require support to walk, they can stand alone without holding onto anything. they eagerly reach out into their environments and explore things. they can open drawers, undo latches, and pull on electrical cords. play: one-year-olds like to examine toys and objects both visually and by touching them. they typically like to handle …
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e to these reactions. they enjoy having an audience. for example, they tend to repeat behaviors that are laughed at. they also seek attention by squealing or making noises. language: by 1 year, babies begin to pay careful attention to the sounds they hear. they can understand simple commands. for instance, on request they often can hand you the appropriate toy. they begin to express choices about the type of food they will accept or about whether it is time to go to bed. they imitate sounds more frequently and can meaningfully use a few other words in addition to mama and dada. case vignette a: to what extent does this child fit the developmental profile? wyanet, age 1 year, is able to balance her head at a 90-degree angle. she can also lift her head when placed on her stomach in a prone position. she is not yet able …
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o drink from, usually using both hands. they are able to use a spoon sufficiently to feed themselves. by this age, children can cooperate in dressing. they can unfasten zippers by themselves and remove their own socks or hats. some regularity has also been established in toilet training. these babies often can indicate to their parents when they are wet and sometimes wake up at night in order to be changed. social: children function at the solitary level of play. it is normal for them to be aware of other children and even enjoy having them around; however, they don’t play with other children. language: children’s vocabularies consist of more than 3 but less than 50 words. these words usually refer to people, objects, or activities with which they are familiar. they frequently chatter using meaningless sounds as if they were really talking like adults. they can understand language to …

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introduction knowledge of human development and developmental milestones can be directly applied to social work practice. assessment is a basic fact of intervention throughout the lifespan. in order to assess human needs and human behavior accurately, the social worker must know what is considered normal or appropriate. he or she must decide when intervention is necessary and when it is not. comparing observed behavior with what is considered normal behavior provides a guideline for these decisions. this book will address issues in human development throughout the lifespan. a basic understanding of every age level is important for generalist practice. however, an understanding of the normal developmental milestones for young children is especially critical. early assessment of potential de...

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