psixologiya atamalari va tushunchalari lug'ati

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$absolute refractory period the period during which a neuron lies dormant after an action potential has been completed. absolute threshold the minimum amount of stimulation needed for a person to detect the stimulus 50 percent of the time. accommodation the process by which the shape of an eye’s lens adjusts to focus light from objects nearby or far away. also: the modification of a schema as new information is incorporated. acetylcholine a neurotransmitter involved in muscle movement, attention, arousal, memory, and emotion. achievement motive an impulse to master challenges and reach a high standard of excellence. achievement tests an assessment that measures skills and knowledge that people have already learned. acronym a word made out of the first letters of several words. acrostic a sentence or phrase in which each word begins with a letter that acts as a memory cue. action potential a short-lived change in electric charge inside …$

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renocorticotropic hormone (acth) a hormone released by the pituitary gland that stimulates release of corticosteroids from the adrenal cortex. afferent nerves bundles of axons that carry information from muscles and sense organs to the central nervous system. afterimage a color we perceive after another color is removed. age of viability the point at which a fetus has some chance of surviving outside the mother if born prematurely. agonists chemicals that mimic the action of a particular neurotransmitter. agoraphobia a disorder involving anxiety about situations from which escape would be difficult or embarrassing or places where there might be no help if a panic attack occurred. algorithm a step-by-step procedure that is guaranteed to solve a problem. all-or-none law states that neurons fire to generate an action potential only if stimulation reaches a minimum threshold. alpha waves type of brain waves present when a person is very relaxed or meditating. alternate-forms …

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oca’s area a part of the brain, in the left frontal lobe, that is involved in speech production. bulimia nervosa a disorder involving binge eating followed by compensatory behaviors such as vomiting, fasting, excessive exercise, or use of laxatives, diuretics, and other medications to control body weight. bystander effect the tendency of people to be less likely to offer help to someone who needs it if other people are also present. cannon-bard theory the idea that the experience of emotion happens at the same time that physiological arousal happens. case study a research method in which an individual subject is studied in depth. castration anxiety the fear a male child has that his father will cut off his penis for desiring his mother. catatonic type a subtype of schizophrenia characterized by unnatural movement patterns such as rigid, unmoving posture or continual, purposeless movements, or by unnatural speech patterns such as …

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ther treatments. circadian rhythms biological cycles that occur about every twenty-four hours. classical conditioning a type of learning in which a subject comes to respond to a neutral stimulus as he would to another stimulus by learning to associate the two stimuli. it can also be called respondent conditioning or pavlovian conditioning. client-centered therapy a humanistic therapy, developed by carl rogers, that aims to help clients increase self-acceptance and personal growth by providing a supportive emotional environment. closure the tendency to interpret familiar, incomplete forms as complete by filling in gaps. cochlea a coiled tunnel in the inner ear that is filled with fluid. cognition thinking. it involves mental activities such as understanding, problem solving, decision making, and creativity. cognitive appraisal the idea that people’s experience of emotion depends on the way they appraise or evaluate the events around them. cognitive development the development of thinking capacity. cognitive dissonance an …

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ding to alfred adler, the process of striving to get rid of normal feelings of inferiority. complexity the range of wavelengths in light. componential intelligence objects, events, qualities, or actions. anxiety - worry or fear that is not proportional to reality attachment theory - henry harlow’s theory of the four attachment styles (secure, avoidant, anxious, and disorganized) attitude a person’s mindset that changes in different situations bias - feeling prejudice for or against something big five - the five main personality traits (neuroticism, extraversion, openness, agreeableness, and conscientiousness) catharsis - relief that occurs unconscious thoughts become conscious cognition - mental activity (e.g., understanding, creativity, problem-solving) consciousness - one’s awareness of the world around them construct - a method of thinking or theory coping mechanism - tool to manage and/or relieve stress defense mechanism - tool to defend oneself against emotional trauma or stress delusions - beliefs that are held even …

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absolute refractory period the period during which a neuron lies dormant after an action potential has been completed. absolute threshold the minimum amount of stimulation needed for a person to detect the stimulus 50 percent of the time. accommodation the process by which the shape of an eye’s lens adjusts to focus light from objects nearby or far away. also: the modification of a schema as new information is incorporated. acetylcholine a neurotransmitter involved in muscle movement, attention, arousal, memory, and emotion. achievement motive an impulse to master challenges and reach a high standard of excellence. achievement tests an assessment that measures skills and knowledge that people have already learned. acronym a word made out of the first letters of …

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