classification of english verbs

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слайд 1 classification of english verbs lexical-semantic verb classiﬁcations have proved useful in supporting various natural language processing (nlp) tasks. the largest and the most widely deployed classiﬁcation in english is levin’s (1993) taxonomy of verbs and their classes. while this resource is attractive in being extensive enough for some nlp use, it is not comprehensive. in this paper, we present a substantial extension to levin’s taxonomy which incorporates 57 novel classes for verbs not covered (comprehensively) by levin. we also introduce 106 novel diathesis alternations, created as a side product of constructing the new classes. we demonstrate the utility of our novel classes by using them to support automatic sub categorization acquisition and show that the resulting extended classiﬁcation has extensive coverage over the english verb lexicon. lexical-semantic classes which aim to capture the close relationship between the syntax and semantics of verbs have attracted considerable interest in both …

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rds, through use of back-off smoothing or similar techniques. levin’s classiﬁcation levin’s classiﬁcation provides a summary of the variety of theoretical research done on lexical-semantic verb classiﬁcation over the past decades. in this classiﬁcation, verbs which display the same or similar set of diathesis alternations in the realization of their argument structure are assumed to share certain meaning components and are organized into a semantically coherent class. although alternations are chosen as the primary means for identifying verb classes, additional properties related to sub categorization, morphology and extended meanings of verbs are taken into account as well. for instance, the levin class of “break verbs”, which refers to actions that bring about a change in the material integrity of some entity, is characterized by its participation or non-participation in the following alternations and other constructions: 1. causative/inchoative alternation: tony broke the window-the window broke 2. middle alternation: tony broke the …

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tions. we adopted a different, faster approach. this involved 1. composing a set of diathesis alternations for verbs not covered comprehensively by levin, 2. selecting a set of candidate lexical-semantic classes for these verbs from linguistic resources, 3. examining whether (sub)sets of verbs in each candidate class could be related to each other via alternations and thus warrant creation of a new class. candidate lexical-semantic classes starting off from set of candidate classes accelerated the work considerably as it enabled building on extant linguistic research. although a number of studies are available on verb classes not covered by levin, many of these assume a classiﬁcation system completely different to that of levin’s, and/or incorporate sense distinctions too ﬁne-grained for easy integrations with levin’s classiﬁcation. we therefore restricted our scope to a few classiﬁcations of a suitable style and granularity: rudanko’s classiﬁcation rudanko provides a semantically motivated classiﬁcation for verbs taking …

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hich captured the sense in question, and where the minimum of two member verbs were identiﬁed, a new verb class was created. examples of new alternations category example alternations alternating scfs equi i advised mary to go $i advised mary he helped her bake the cake$ he helped bake the cake 53$ 24 33$ 142 raising julie strikes me as foolish $julie strikes me as a fool he appeared to her to be ill $it appeared to her that he was ill 143$29 99$ 12 category switches he failed in attempting to climb$ he failed in the climb i promised mary to go$i promised mary that i will go 63$ 87 54$ 52 pp deletion phil explained to him how to do it $phil explained how to do it 90$ 17 he contracted with him for the man to go $he contracted for the man to go 90$ 17 88$ …

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слайд 1 classification of english verbs lexical-semantic verb classiﬁcations have proved useful in supporting various natural language processing (nlp) tasks. the largest and the most widely deployed classiﬁcation in english is levin’s (1993) taxonomy of verbs and their classes. while this resource is attractive in being extensive enough for some nlp use, it is not comprehensive. in this paper, we present a substantial extension to levin’s taxonomy which incorporates 57 novel classes for verbs not covered (comprehensively) by levin. we also introduce 106 novel diathesis alternations, created as a side product of constructing the new classes. we demonstrate the utility of our novel classes by using them to support automatic sub categorization acquisition and show that the resulting extended...

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