semantic classification of the english vocabulary

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the uzbek state world languages university 2nd english faculty lecture 6 semantic classification of the english vocabulary plan: 1.syntagmatic and paradigmatic approaches to the vocabulary classification 2.synonymy and antonymy as reflection of semantic equivalence and contrast 3. classification of synonyms and antonyms 4. other classes of semantic groupings: euphemisms, paronyms, etc. 5. semantic fields and other types of semantic groupings semantic grouping of the words every language has vocabulary words which can be grouped based upon similarities and contrasts in composition, structure, usage, origin, as well as meaning; semantic classification of the vocabulary units is based upon their common or different semantic features, e.g. similarity, opposition, dialectal and terminological features, on the paradigmatic level. approaches to the vocabulary classification paradigmatic approach denotes the relationship between a set of linguistic items that form mutually exclusive choices in particular syntactic roles; syntagmatic approach denotes the relationship between two or more linguistic units …

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meaning or functional style: e.g. love – worship; to help - to aid - to assist; mouth-trap (sl.) 3. absolute synonyms - words coinciding in all their shades of meaning and in all their stylistic characteristics, which are quite few: e.g. noun – substantive, scientist – researcher, sentence-syntaxeme, denotative-denotational, etc. a.i. smirnitsky types of synonyms - contextual/context-dependent synonyms – similar in meaning only under specific distributional conditions, when the difference between the meanings of two words is contextually neutralized: e.g. fiercely and passionately; - dialectal synonyms – pertaining to different variants of the language or its dialects: e.g. kid (am.) – child (br.) – bairn (sc.) - bag - poke - sack synonymic dominant a synonymic dominant in the synonymic group is the most general term potentially containing basic or specific features of each member and able to be substituted for any other word of the group: to look-to glance-to …

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; occupied-vacant, etc. 3. a relational antonym is one of a pair of words with opposite meanings only in the context of the relationship between the two meanings. there is no lexical opposite of teacher, but teacher and pupil are opposite within the context of their relationship which makes them relational antonyms. other examples include: husband -wife; doctor-patient; predator-prey; teach- learn; servant- master, etc. 4. derivational antonyms are those formed by using affixes, mostly prefixes, such as: de-; dis-; il-; im-; in-; in/ex-; ir-; non-; re- ;un-; - less, e.g. arm ↔ disarm code ↔ decode complete ↔ incomplete internal ↔ external legal ↔ illegal possible ↔ impossible regular ↔ irregular sense ↔ nonsense sensible ↔ senseless other semantic classes hyperonyms/hyponyms: animal-dog, fox, cat; paronyms: excess-access, to affect-to effect; toponyms: moscow, the urals, the black sea; antroponyms: lincoln, mark twain, byron; international words: second, minimum, start; thank you! image3.png image1.jpeg …

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the uzbek state world languages university 2nd english faculty lecture 6 semantic classification of the english vocabulary plan: 1.syntagmatic and paradigmatic approaches to the vocabulary classification 2.synonymy and antonymy as reflection of semantic equivalence and contrast 3. classification of synonyms and antonyms 4. other classes of semantic groupings: euphemisms, paronyms, etc. 5. semantic fields and other types of semantic groupings semantic grouping of the words every language has vocabulary words which can be grouped based upon similarities and contrasts in composition, structure, usage, origin, as well as meaning; semantic classification of the vocabulary units is based upon their common or different semantic features, e.g. similarity, opposition, dialectal and terminological f...

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