istoriya razvitiya organicheskoy ximii

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prezentatsiya powerpoint 1- tema: istoriya razvitiya organicheskoy ximii. 1- kurs nachinaya s xix veka vse izvestnie k tomu vremeni veshestva v zavisimosti ot proisxojdeniya bili razdeleni na mineralnie i organicheskie. mnogie uchenie priderjivalis mneniya o tom, chto organicheskie veshestva proisxodyat tolko ot jivix organizmov. nesmotrya na stanovlenieorganicheskoy ximii kak otdelnoy nauki, mnogie uchenie otnosilis k neyskepticheski. f. vyoler v svoem pisme k i. bertseliusu (1835 god) pishet: «organicheskaya ximiya mojet seychas kogo ugodno svesti s uma. ona predstavlyaetsya mne dremuchim lesom, polnim udivitelnix veshey, bezgranichnoy chashey, iz kotoroy nelzya vibratsya, kuda ne osmelivaeshsya proniknut». v razvitii organicheskoy ximii kak samostoyatelnoy nauki sigrali vajnuyu rol ryad otkritiy. v 1824 godu nemetskiy ximik f. vyoler sinteziroval iz ditsiana shavelevuyu kislotu, vstrechayushuyusya v prirode v sostave rasteniy; * obrazuyushayasya v organe cheloveka i jivotnix mochevina bila sintezirovana v laboratornix usloviyax iz tsianata ammoniya v 1828 godu; * v 1842 godu russkim uchenim n.n. …

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nie uglerodnie tsepi, soedinyayas posredstvom kovalentnoy svyazi s drugimi elementami, a takje s drugimi atomami ugleroda; - c- c- c- c- c- c- c- c- 2. iz-za nalichiya v sostave organicheskix soedineniy atomov ugleroda i vodoroda, pri ix gorenii obrazuetsya uglekisliy gaz i voda ch4 + 2o2 co2 + 2h2o 3. znachitelno nizkie temperaturi plavleniya i kipeniya po sravneniyu s neorganicheskimi soedineniyami; 4. v otlichie ot neorganicheskix soedineniy imeyut otnositelno nestabilnuyu strukturu, pod deystviem temperaturi legko vidoizmenyayutsya; 5. organicheskie soedineniya v otlichie ot bolshinstva neorganicheskix soedineniy ne dissotsiruyut na ioni i otnosyatsya k neelektrolitam; 6. reaktsii mejdu organicheskimi veshestvami protekayut otnositelno medlenno. prichinoy tomu yavlyaetsya kovalentnaya svyaz mejdu ix atomami. 7. v organicheskix soedineniyax vstrechaetsya yavlenie izomerii. naprimer, testovie zadaniya po proydennoy teme. 1. iz kakogo veshestva v 1824 godu f. vyoler sinteziroval shavelevuyu kislotu? a) tsianata ammoniya b) ditsiana c) muravinoy kisloti d) atsetilena 2. kakoy ucheniy v 1828 …

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tomu … svyaz mejdu ix atomami» ionnaya b) vodorodnaya c) kovalentnaya d) metallicheskaya 8. kakie uchenie vpervie sintezirovali propionovuyu i uksusnuyu kislotu? a) m. bertole i a.m. butlerov b) e. franklend i a.v. kolbe c) f. vyoler i n.n. zinin d) f. kekule i a. kuper 9. ukajite chislo izomerov n-butana. a) 1 b) 2 c) 3 d) 4 10. kakoe veshestvo sinteziroval v 1854 godu frantsuzskiy ximik m. bertlo? a) karbonovuyu kislotu b) jir c) slojniy efir d) spirt spasibo za vnimanie !!! image6.png image7.emf image2.png image3.png image4.png image5.png /docprops/thumbnail.jpeg

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prezentatsiya powerpoint 1- tema: istoriya razvitiya organicheskoy ximii. 1- kurs nachinaya s xix veka vse izvestnie k tomu vremeni veshestva v zavisimosti ot proisxojdeniya bili razdeleni na mineralnie i organicheskie. mnogie uchenie priderjivalis mneniya o tom, chto organicheskie veshestva proisxodyat tolko ot jivix organizmov. nesmotrya na stanovlenieorganicheskoy ximii kak otdelnoy nauki, mnogie uchenie otnosilis k neyskepticheski. f. vyoler v svoem pisme k i. bertseliusu (1835 god) pishet: «organicheskaya ximiya mojet seychas kogo ugodno svesti s uma. ona predstavlyaetsya mne dremuchim lesom, polnim udivitelnix veshey, bezgranichnoy chashey, iz kotoroy nelzya vibratsya, kuda ne osmelivaeshsya proniknut». v razvitii organicheskoy ximii kak samostoyatelnoy nauki sigrali vajnuyu rol ryad...

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