sistema pishevareniya

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sistema pishevareniya sistema pishevareniya pishevaritelnaya sistema – sistema jiznedeyatelnosti organizma, obespechivayushaya postuplenie pitatelnix veshestv. sostoit iz rotovoy polosti, glotki, pishevoda, jeludka, tonkogo i tolstogo kishechnika, podjeludochnoy jelezi i pecheni. chast organov yavlyayutsya polimi, chast – parenximatoznimi. po jeludochno-kishechnomu traktu dvijutsya pishevie massi, zaxvativaemie pri pomoshi gub i zubov v rotovuyu polost. pechen i podjeludochnaya jeleza videlyayut sekreti (jelch, sekret podjeludochnoy jelezi s visokoy fermentativnoy aktivnostyu), neobxodimie dlya perevarivaniya pishi. v kishechnike proisxodit vsasivanie pitatelnix veshestv i vodi, neperevarennie je massi vivodyatsya cherez pryamuyu kishku v okrujayushuyu sredu podjeludochnaya jeleza – odin iz organov pishevaritelnoy sistemi, vipolnyayushiy ekzokrinnuyu i endokrinnuyu funktsii. u sobak i koshek predstavlyaet soboy plastinku, peregnutuyu v tsentralnoy svoey chasti, lejashuyu levoy doley vdol maloy krivizni jeludka (odnoy iz ego storon, xarakterizuyusheysya menshey protyajennostyu, chem protivopolojnaya – bolshaya krivizna jeludka). dlina podjeludochnoy u sobak – chut bolee desyati santimetrov, togda kak shirina ne previshaet dvux santimetrov. u koshek …

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eludochnoy jelezi, raspolojennimi v ostrovkax endokrinotsitov, v kotorix naxodyatsya i ostalnie kletki, vipolnyayushie endokrinnuyu funktsiyu. pechen – organ, raspolojenniy v bryushnoy polosti i yavlyayushiysya zastennoy jelezoy, otnosimoy k pishevaritelnoy sisteme. raspolojena srazu pozadi za diafragmoy, svoim vipuklim sloem povernuta k ee kupolu, a vognutim – k organam pishevaritelnoy sistemi – jeludku i kishechniku, imeya na poverxnosti svoix doley vdavlivaniya, obrazovannie prileganiem etix organov k pecheni. v tselom je, pechen podrazdelyaetsya na doli – lateralnuyu (obrashennuyu v storonu) i medialnuyu (raspolojennuyu blije k tsentru organa) pravie, lateralnuyu i medialnuyu levie, xvostatuyu i kvadratnuyu doli. ot pecheni krov ottekaet po pechenochnoy vene, a zatem po kaudalnoy poloy vene eta krov postupaet v pravoe predserdie, praviy jeludochek i maliy krug krovoobrasheniya, v kotorom proisxodit oksigenatsiya, osushestvlyaemaya blagodarya dixatelnim protsessam. takje v pecheni osushestvlyaetsya deponirovanie nekotorix jirorastvorimix vitaminov i glikogena. sintez belkov – eshe odna vajneyshaya funktsiya etogo organa (odnimi iz samix vajnix dlya …

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iy kishechnik vklyuchaet v sebya slepuyu, obodochnuyu i tolstuyu kishki, poslednyaya iz kotorix okanchivaetsya anusom. tonkiy kishechnik otlichaetsya ot tolstogo kak stroeniem, tak i urovnem funktsionalnoy aktivnosti, poetomu tselesoobrazno otmetit osobennosti kak togo, tak i drugogo otdela. jeludok – organ pishevaritelnoy sistemi, raspolojenniy v bryushnoy polosti pozadi diafragmi. yavlyaetsya chastyu pishevaritelnoy trubki i prodoljeniem pishevoda. v jeludke proisxodyat nachalnie etapi perevarivaniya pishi i vsasivaniya nekotorix ee komponentov. pustoy jeludok imeet formu meshka, odna storona kotorogo znachitelno dlinnee, chem drugaya. ob'em polosti etogo organa mojet bit razlichen v zavisimosti ot vozrasta i porodi sobaki i koshki, kotorie opredelyayut ix razmeri (u koshek ob'em primerno odinakov). perednyaya chast jeludka, prilejashaya k pishevodu i imeyushaya dlya nego otverstie, nazivaetsya kardialnoy, a otverstie, sootvetstvenno, imenuetsya kardialnim otverstiem. zadnyaya chast jeludka – piloricheskaya – imeet piloricheskoe otverstie, vedushee v tonkiy kishechnik (dvenadtsatiperstnuyu kishku). mejdu kardialnoy i piloricheskoy chastyami naxoditsya dno jeludka – ego srednyaya chast. …

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ishevoda formiruetsya mishechnimi voloknami, raspolagayushimisya po vsey dline pishevoda v opredelennix napravleniyax. glotka – odin iz organov, otnosyashixsya k pishevaritelnoy sisteme. raspolojen mejdu rotovoy polostyu i pishevodom, no vipolnyaet takje funktsiyu otdeleniya nosovoy polosti ot gortani. v svyazi s osobennim anatomicheskim stroeniem i funktsionalnostyu glotka podrazdelyaetsya na nosoglotku i rotoglotku, prichem pervaya chast (t.e. nosoglotka) znachitelno prevosxodit po razmeram vtoruyu. vnutrenniy sloy glotki obrazovan slizistoy obolochkoy, kotoraya, v svoyu ochered, takje sostoit iz neskolkix sloev. narujnim yavlyaetsya epitelialniy sloy, predstavlenniy v oblasti nosoglotki resnitchatim epiteliem, a v oblasti rotoglotki – mnogosloynim ploskim epiteliem. v slizistoy obolochke glotki raspolojeni glotochnie jelezi, a takje glotochnaya mindalina, imeyushaya v svoem sostave limfaticheskie follikuli. zubi yavlyayutsya organami, raspolojennimi v rotovoy polosti i vipolnyayushimi funktsiyu zaxvata i chastichnoy mexanicheskoy obrabotki pishi, a takje prinimayushimi uchastie v komplekse reaktsiy zashiti-napadeniya. zubi otlichayutsya drug ot druga po stroeniyu, anatomicheskomu polojeniyu i vipolnyaemim funktsiyam. videlyayut chetire osnovnie gruppi …

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ndalini, nyobnie mindalini, slyunnie jelezi (zastenochnie i pristenochnie), proisxodit zaxvat, uderjanie i nachalnaya pererabotka pishi, chto yavlyaetsya odnoy iz ee glavnix funktsiy. takje organi rotovoy polosti uchastvuyut v vosproizvedenii zvukov i kompleksa zashitnix reaktsiy. kostnoy osnovoy rotovoy polosti slujat kosti verxney i nijney chelyustey, nyobnaya kost i reztsovaya kost, a snaruji polost vistlana slizistoy obolochkoy, verxniy sloy kotoroy obrazovan mnogosloynim epiteliem. strukturnaya organizatsiya rotovoy polosti predstavlyaet iz sebya nalichie dvux otdelov – preddveriya rta, obosoblyayushegosya pri zakritoy pasti, i sobstvenno rotovoy polosti. ix razgranichivayut zubnie arkadi v somknutom sostoyanii, a preddverie rta snaruji ogranicheno gubami, mejdu kotorimi obrazuetsya rotovaya shel, yavlyayushayasya vxodom v rotovuyu polost, i shekami. image1.png image2.png image3.png image4.png image5.png image6.png image7.png image8.png image9.png image10.png image11.png /docprops/thumbnail.jpeg

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sistema pishevareniya sistema pishevareniya pishevaritelnaya sistema – sistema jiznedeyatelnosti organizma, obespechivayushaya postuplenie pitatelnix veshestv. sostoit iz rotovoy polosti, glotki, pishevoda, jeludka, tonkogo i tolstogo kishechnika, podjeludochnoy jelezi i pecheni. chast organov yavlyayutsya polimi, chast – parenximatoznimi. po jeludochno-kishechnomu traktu dvijutsya pishevie massi, zaxvativaemie pri pomoshi gub i zubov v rotovuyu polost. pechen i podjeludochnaya jeleza videlyayut sekreti (jelch, sekret podjeludochnoy jelezi s visokoy fermentativnoy aktivnostyu), neobxodimie dlya perevarivaniya pishi. v kishechnike proisxodit vsasivanie pitatelnix veshestv i vodi, neperevarennie je massi vivodyatsya cherez pryamuyu kishku v okrujayushuyu sredu podjeludochnaya jeleza – odin i...

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