dixatelnaya sistema

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Updated Dec 2025

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dixatelnaya sistema lektsiya po anatomii dixatelnaya sistema dixatelnaya sistema verxniy otdel: dixatelnie puti polost nosa pravoe i levoe legkoe – glavnie organi dixatelnoy sistemi, imenno v nix proisxodit gazoobmen mejdu vozduxom i krovyu dixatelnie organi nosovaya chast glotki rotovaya chast glotki nijniy otdel: gortan traxeya bronxi dixatelnie puti sostoyat iz trubok, prosvet kotorix soxranyaetsya vsledstvie nalichiya v ix stenkax kostnogo ili xryashevogo skeleta. proxodya cherez dixatelnie puti vozdux ochishaetsya, sogrevaetsya, uvlajnyaetsya narujniy nos oblast nosa, vklyuchaet narujniy nos, vnutri kotorogo naxoditsya polost nosa. koren: otdelen ot lba perenosem spinka nosa: obrazovana bokovimi storonami narujnogo nosa krilya nosa: nijnie chasti bokovix storon verxushka nosa skelet: kostniy skelet: nosovie kosti i lobnie otrostki verxnix chelyustey xryashevoy skelet: lateralniy xryash, bolshoy i maliy xryashi krila (vse parnie) i xryash peregorodki nosa (neparniy) xryash peregorodki nosa lateralniy xryash nosa bolshoy xryash krila nosa malie xryashi krila nosa polost nosa nosovie xodi: verxniy: otkrivayutsya zadnie …

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tovidniy: gialinoviy perstnevidniy: gialinoviy nadgortannik: elasticheskiy parnie (3): - cherpalovidniy: gialinoviy - rojkovidniy: gialinoviy - klinovidniy: elasticheskiy perstneshitovidniy: vokrug frontalnoy osi perstnecherpalovidniy: vokrug vertikalnoy osi 2 sustava: mishtsi gortani gortan (golosovie svyazki) 2 chasti: pereponchataya chast: perednyaya mejxryashevaya chast: zadnyaya dlina golosovoy sheli u mujchin: 20-24 mm, u jenshin: 16-19 mm. shirina pri spokoynom dixanii – 5 mm, pri golosoobrazovanii – 15 mm. traxeya neparniy organ, slujashiy dlya proxojdeniya vozduxa. nachinaetsya na urovne vii sheynogo pozvonka, a na urovne v grudnogo pozvonka delitsya na 2 glavnix bronxa – bifurkatsiya traxei. traxeya – trubka dlinoy 8,5 –15 sm, neskolko sdavlennaya v peredne-zadnem napravlenii. sostoit iz 2-x chastey: sheynoy i grudnoy. skelet traxei sostoit iz 16-20 xryashevix (gialinovix) polukolets, kotorie zanimayut okolo 2/3 eyo okrujnosti. stroenie stenki traxei slizistaya obolochka vistlana mnogoryadnim prizmaticheskim resnitchatim epiteliem: resnitchatie kletki bokalovidnie kletki (sekret soderjit gialuronovuyu i sialovuyu kisloti, immunoglobulini) neyroendokrinnie kletki (videlyayut peptidnie gormoni i …

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yut xryashevie polukoltsa (v pravom 6-8, v levom 9-12). praviy bronx koroche i shire levogo, bolee vertikalno raspolojen dolevie bronxi delyatsya na: segmentarnie bronxi dolkovie bronxi kontsevie bronxioli (20) dixatelnie bronxioli alveolyarnie xodi alveolyarnie meshochki vetvlenie bronxov v legkix dixatelnie bronxioli, alveolyarnie xodi i alveoli obrazuyut alveolyarnoe derevo (legochniy atsinus) – strukturno-funktsionalnuyu edinitsu legkogo d alveolyarnogo xoda ~ 0,2 – 0,6 mm; d alveoli ~ 0,25 – 3 mm v legkom naschitivaetsya 150 000 atsinusov, 300-350 mln. alveol, obshaya ploshad dixatelnoy poverxnosti ravna ~ 80 m2 legkie 3 poverxnosti: nijnyaya: diafragmalnaya rebernaya: naibolshaya po protyajeniyu, otdelno videlyayut pozvonochnuyu chast rebernoy poverxnosti medialnaya: obrashena v storonu sredostenya 3 kraya: peredniy: otdelyaet rebernuyu poverxnost ot medialnoy zadniy: otdelyaet rebernuyu poverxnost ot medialnoy nijniy: otdelyaet diafragmalnuyu poverxnost legkie 2 sheli kosaya: razdelyaet pravoe i levoe legkie na verxnyuyu i nijnyuyu doli gorizontalnaya: v pravom legkom otsekaet srednyuyu dolyu pravoe legkoe: 3 doli levoe …

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a v postkapillyarnie venuli, formiruyushie sistemu legochnoy veni, po kotoroy obogashennaya kislorodom krov vrashaetsya v serdtse. bronxialnie arterii, sostavlyayushie vtoruyu, istinno arterialnuyu sistemu, otxodyat ot aorti, pitayut bronxi i legochnuyu parenximu arterialnoy krovyu. postkapillyarnie venuli, otxodyashie ot bronxov, ob'edinyayutsya v melkie veni, kotorie dayut nachalo perednim i zadnim bronxialnim venam. na urovne melkix bronxov raspolagayutsya arteriolovenulyarnie anastomozi mejdu bronxialnimi i legochnimi arterialnimi sistemami. sredostenie sredostenie — anatomicheskoe prostranstvo v srednix otdelax grudnoy polosti. sredostenie ogranicheno grudinoy (speredi) pozvonochnikom (szadi). organi sredosteniya okrujeni jirovoy kletchatkoy. po bokam ot sredosteniya raspolojeni plevralnie polosti. sredostenie ogranicheno snizu diafragmoy. vishe rukoyatki grudini sredostenie perexodit v kletchatochnie prostranstva shei. uslovnoy verxney granitsey sredosteniya yavlyaetsya gorizontalnaya ploskost, proxodyashaya po verxnemu krayu rukoyatki grudini. uslovnaya liniya, provedennaya ot mesta prikrepleniya rukoyatki grudini k ee telu po napravleniyu k iv grudnomu pozvonku, delit sredostenie na verxnee i nijnee. frontalnaya ploskost, provedennaya po zadney stenke traxei, delit verxnee sredostenie …

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alnie otdeli krupnix sosudov, bifurkatsiyu traxei i glavnie bronxi, bifurkatsionnie limfaticheskie uzli. v zadnem sredostenii, ogranichennom speredi bifurkatsiey traxei i perikardom, a szadi nijnegrudnim otdelom pozvonochnika, raspolojeni pishevod, nisxodyashiy otdel grudnoy aorti, grudnoy limfaticheskiy protok, simpaticheskie i parasimpaticheskie (blujdayushie) nervi, limfaticheskie uzli. blagodaryu za vnimanie! image10.jpeg image11.jpeg image12.png image13.png image14.jpeg image15.png image16.jpeg image17.jpeg image18.jpeg image19.png image20.jpeg image21.jpeg image22.jpeg image23.jpeg image24.jpeg image25.jpeg image26.jpeg image27.png image28.jpeg image29.jpeg image30.jpeg image31.png image32.jpeg image33.png image34.jpeg image35.png image36.png image1.png image6.jpeg image4.jpeg cxema abixatenbhoro (cmhaa amhma) mu nuwyebaputenbhoro (kpachaa awa) nytei v ux nepeceyenua b o6nactu rmotkh abixamenbupiu u nuweeapumenbhbiu mymu e@ o6nacmu 2nomku o6pa3yrom nepexpecm cpe ahaa hocobaa pakobuna nobhas kimhobuahaa nasyxa nasyxa bepxhaa hocobaa pakobuha hmdkhaa hocobaa ——— pakobuha tnotouhoe otbepcthe cnyxobol tpy6bt pe, bua cgoxy ha pa3pe3 nocepeaune bug cnepean konunk haproptahhinika ——— baxpbibaer abixatenbhbim nyte pn rnorakun teno noavaasei4hon koctn unto-nogpasbiyhan nepenonka bepxtnit por lwamtobuahoto xpawya unrosugheii xpauy nocpegune, o6pasya agjamobo aonoko — …

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dixatelnaya sistema lektsiya po anatomii dixatelnaya sistema dixatelnaya sistema verxniy otdel: dixatelnie puti polost nosa pravoe i levoe legkoe – glavnie organi dixatelnoy sistemi, imenno v nix proisxodit gazoobmen mejdu vozduxom i krovyu dixatelnie organi nosovaya chast glotki rotovaya chast glotki nijniy otdel: gortan traxeya bronxi dixatelnie puti sostoyat iz trubok, prosvet kotorix soxranyaetsya vsledstvie nalichiya v ix stenkax kostnogo ili xryashevogo skeleta. proxodya cherez dixatelnie puti vozdux ochishaetsya, sogrevaetsya, uvlajnyaetsya narujniy nos oblast nosa, vklyuchaet narujniy nos, vnutri kotorogo naxoditsya polost nosa. koren: otdelen ot lba perenosem spinka nosa: obrazovana bokovimi storonami narujnogo nosa krilya nosa: nijnie chasti bokovix storon verxushka nosa skelet: ...

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