sosudistie zabolevaniya

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sosudistie zabolevaniya serdechno-sosudistie zabolevaniya (ssz) – eto gruppa organicheskix i funktsionalnix patologiy krovenosnoy sistemi (serdtsa, arteriy, ven). narusheniya so storoni serdtsa mojno zapodozrit po bolyam i oshusheniyu tyajesti za grudinoy, odishke, nerovnomu serdechnomu ritmu, uchashyonnomu serdtsebieniyu. pri porajenii sosudov golovi i shei mogut nablyudatsya golovnie boli, shum v ushax obmoroki. zabolevaniya perifericheskix sosudov soprovojdayutsya bolyami v nogax, otyokami, xromotoy. bolshinstvo ssz krayne opasni dlya jizni, pri poyavlenii ix simptomov sleduet nemedlenno obratitsya k kardiologu ili terapevtu – on napravit k nujnomu spetsialistu. epidemiologiya serdechno-sosudistie (kardiovaskulyarnie) zabolevaniya – seryoznaya problema zdravooxraneniya vo vsyom mire po prichine shirokoy rasprostranyonnosti i visokogo urovnya smertnosti. v mire okolo treti vsex smertey proisxodit ot bolezney sistemi krovoobrasheniya (85% iz nix – po prichine infarkta ili insulta), bolee 75% prixoditsya na strani s nizkim i srednim urovnem ekonomicheskogo razvitiya. v rossii zabolevaemost ssz sostavlyaet bolee 19% v strukture vsex bolezney, smertnost – 50%. eksperti vsemirnoy organizatsii …

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nix sosudov privodit k ishemicheskoy bolezni serdtsa, arteriy golovi i shei – k ishemii (nedostatku krovosnabjeniya) golovnogo mozga, krupnix arteriy nog – k ishemii konechnosti. · ishemicheskaya bolezn serdtsa – narushenie krovosnabjeniya miokarda, obuslovlennoe obstruktsiey (sujeniem prosveta) koronarnix arteriy. ostraya forma zabolevaniya – infarkt miokarda. · serdechnie aritmii – narusheniya serdechnogo ritma i provodimosti. · vospalitelnie zabolevaniya serdtsa – porajeniya autoimmunnogo ili infektsionnogo xaraktera, zatragivayushie okoloserdechnuyu sumku, mishechniy sloy ili vnutrennyuyu soedinitelnotkannuyu vistilku serdtsa - perikarditi, miokarditi, endokarditi sootvetstvenno. chashe vsego registriruetsya revmokardit. · tserebrovaskulyarnie patologii – bolezni sosudov golovnogo mozga. ostroy formoy narusheniya krovoobrasheniya v magistralnix sosudax golovi i shei yavlyaetsya ishemicheskiy insult (infarkt mozga). pri narushenii tselostnosti ili nesostoyatelnosti sosudistoy stenki razvivaetsya gemorragicheskiy insult (krovoizliyanie v mozg). · obliteriruyushiy trombangiit – progressiruyushee zakritie melkix arteriy nog (snachala vsledstvie spazma, zatem – prisoedinivshegosya tromboza), soprovojdayusheesya ishemiey konechnosti. · venoznie trombozi i tromboemboliya lyogochnoy arterii (tela) – polnoe ili chastichnoe …

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entratsii privodit k izbitku xolesterina, formiruyushego blyashki na stenkax sosudov, sujayushego ix prosvet. nemalovajnuyu rol v razvitii ssz igraet nasledstvennaya predraspolojennost – v gruppe riska litsa, blijayshie rodstvenniki (bratya, syostri, roditeli) kotorix imeyut sootvetstvuyushee zabolevanie. veroyatnost razvitiya serdechno-sosudistix patologiy povishaet saxarniy diabet, bolezni pochek i shitovidnoy jelezi, infektsii (chashe vsego streptokokkovie – angina, skarlatina, rojistoe vospalenie, impetigo). u jenshin puskovim faktorom stanovyatsya sostoyaniya, soprovojdayushiesya gormonalnoy perestroykoy: chashe – klimaks, reje – beremennost. k vedushim faktoram riska otnosyatsya osobennosti obraza jizni i ix neblagopriyatnie posledstviya: · gipodinamiya. malopodvijniy obraz jizni negativno vliyaet na sostoyanie sosudistix stenok i miokarda, povishaet risk trombozov, sposobstvuet vozniknoveniyu lishnego vesa, saxarnogo diabeta. · pogreshnosti dieti. povishennoe potreblenie soli povishaet risk gipertonicheskoy bolezni, izbitok sladkogo v ratsione vlechyot saxarniy diabet, ojirenie, povishaet uroven lpnp. zloupotreblenie jivotnimi jirami sposobstvuet razvitiyu ateroskleroza. nedostatok belkov, mikroelementov (kaliya, magniya, jeleza, medi, tsinka, selena), bolshinstva vitaminov negativno vliyaet na sostoyanie sosudov i …

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kajdiy epizod zloupotrebleniya spirtnim vlechyot snijenie sokratitelnoy funktsii miokarda, narushaet krovoobrashenie. tabakokurenie privodit k povisheniyu arterialnogo davleniya, provotsiruet tromboobrazovanie, formirovanie ateroskleroticheskix blyashek, uvelichivaet risk aritmii. chasto odno pervichno voznikshee ssz vlechyot razvitie drugogo. tak, ateroskleroz i arterialnaya gipertoniya yavlyayutsya osnovnimi prichinami ishemicheskoy bolezni serdtsa, revmokardit neredko privodit k priobretyonnim porokam, aritmii serdtsa, a narusheniya serdechnogo ritma – k tromboembolii arteriy, snabjayushix krovyu konechnosti i vnutrennie organi. simptomi serdechno-sosudistix zabolevaniy bolezni serdtsa i sosudov na nachalnix stadiyax zachastuyu protekayut bessimptomno i mogut manifestirovat ostro – proyavleniyami infarkta ili insulta. debyutu (ili obostreniyu xronicheskoy patologii) chasto predshestvuet nervnoe potryasenie, pereutomlenie, fizicheskie nagruzki, pereedanie. bolshinstvo serdechnix patologiy soprovojdaetsya serdechnoy nedostatochnostyu. simptomi zabolevaniy serdtsa: · ostraya serdechnaya nedostatochnost – xolodniy pot, rezkiy upadok sil, virajennoe udushe, kashel s videleniem peni (priznak otyoka lyogkix), sinyushnost kojnix pokrovov (tsianoz) · xronicheskaya serdechnaya nedostatochnost - bistraya utomlyaemost, ploxaya perenosimost fizicheskix nagruzok, odishka, udushe, suxoy kashel (inogda krovoxarkane), …

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pulsatsiya v oblasti zatilka; vyalost, golovokrujenie, shum v ushax, toshnota; oshushenie «mushek» pered glazami. · insult - mojet nachinatsya postepenno, s oslableniya mishechnogo tonusa, onemeniya otdelnix zon litsa, konechnostey. zatem vyalost i poterya chuvstvitelnosti usilivayutsya do pareza, oblasti porajeniya rasshiryayutsya. mogut razvivatsya narusheniya sluxa, zreniya, rechi, koordinatsii dvijeniy. obshemozgovie simptomi – toshnota, rvota, sputannost soznaniya, koma. · xronicheskoe narushenie mozgovogo krovoobrasheniya – pristupi (tranzitornie ishemicheskie ataki) soprovojdayutsya bolee virajennimi priznakami arterialnoy gipertenzii, prexodyashimi narusheniyami rechi, sluxa, zreniya, pamyati, shatkostyu poxodki, obmorokami. simptomatika ischezaet v techenie sutok. · patologii perifericheskix arteriy, soprovojdayushiesya ishemiey (tromboemboliya, obliteriruyushiy trombangiit i ateroskleroz) – ostraya, nesterpimaya bol, prexodyashaya xromota, suxost koji, izmenenie eyo ottenka (snachala bledniy, po mere progressirovaniya - bagroviy), poyavlenie ploxo zajivayushix yazv. · tromboz glubokix ven – oshushenie raspirayushey boli v porajennoy konechnosti, otyok, sinyushnost koji, vidimaya sosudistaya setka. · tela – mojet sochetat priznaki serdechnoy nedostatochnosti, insulta. drugie simptomi – povishenie temperaturi, …

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sosudistie zabolevaniya serdechno-sosudistie zabolevaniya (ssz) – eto gruppa organicheskix i funktsionalnix patologiy krovenosnoy sistemi (serdtsa, arteriy, ven). narusheniya so storoni serdtsa mojno zapodozrit po bolyam i oshusheniyu tyajesti za grudinoy, odishke, nerovnomu serdechnomu ritmu, uchashyonnomu serdtsebieniyu. pri porajenii sosudov golovi i shei mogut nablyudatsya golovnie boli, shum v ushax obmoroki. zabolevaniya perifericheskix sosudov soprovojdayutsya bolyami v nogax, otyokami, xromotoy. bolshinstvo ssz krayne opasni dlya jizni, pri poyavlenii ix simptomov sleduet nemedlenno obratitsya k kardiologu ili terapevtu – on napravit k nujnomu spetsialistu. epidemiologiya serdechno-sosudistie (kardiovaskulyarnie) zabolevaniya – seryoznaya problema zdravooxraneniya vo vsyom mire po ...

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