catv – community antenna television

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the development of cable most historians mark the period from the late 1950s, when the networks gained control over tv’s content, to the end of the 1970s as the network era. except for british and american anthology dramas on pbs, this was a time when the big three broadcast networks – cbs, nbc, and abc – dictated virtually every trend in programming and collectively accounted for more than 95 percent of all prime-time tv viewing. in 2012, however, this figure was less than 40 percent. why the drastic drop? because cable television systems – along with home video and later streaming technology – had cut into the broadcast networks’ audience. catv – community antenna television the first small cable systems – called catv, or community antenna television – originated in the late 1940s in oregon, pennsylvania, and new york city, where mountains or tall buildings blocked tv signals. these systems …

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dience than the broadcast networks had. the cable industry’s rapid rise to prominence was partly due to the shortcomings of broadcast television. beyond improving signal reception in most communities, the cable era introduced narrowcasting – the providing of specialized programming for diverse and fragmented groups. attracting both advertisers and audiences, cable programs provide access to certain target audiences (like young male viewers for espn’s numerous channels) that cannot be guaranteed in broadcasting. for example, a golf-equipment manufacturer can buy ads on the golf channel and reach only golf enthusiasts. as cable channels have become more and more like specialized magazines or radio formats, they have siphoned off network viewers, and the networks’ role as the chief programmer of our shared culture has eroded. for example, back in 1980, the big three evening news programs had a combined audience of more than fifty million on a typical weekday evening. by 2012 …

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ming, cable offers a wide range of special channels, known as premium channels, which lure customers with the promise of no advertising; recent and classic hollywood movies; and original movies or series, like hbo’s game of thrones, true detective, or girls, and showtime’s homeland. these channels are a major source of revenue for cable companies: the cost to them is $4 to $6 per month per subscriber to carry a premium channel, but the cable company can charge customers $10 or more per month and reap a nice profit. premium services also include pay-per-view (ppv) programs; video-on-demand (vod); and interactive services that enable consumers to use their televisions to bank, shop, play games, and access the internet. beginning in 1985, cable companies began introducing new viewing options for their customers. pay-per-view (ppv) channels came first, offering recently released movies or special one-time sporting events to subscribers who paid a designated …

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s most of the channels and tiers of service that cable companies carry (including internet, television, and phone services) at a comparable and often cheaper monthly cost. but with over-the-air digital signals and online streaming options like netflix and amazon prime now competing, many customers have been moving away from both cable and dbs subscriptions. technology and convergence change viewing habits among the biggest technical innovations in tv viewing are non-television delivery systems. we can skip a network broadcast and still watch our favorite shows on dvrs, laptops, or mobile devices for free or for a nominal cost. not only is television being reinvented, but its audiences – although fragmented – are also growing. a few years ago, televisions glimmered in the average u.s. household just over seven hours a day; but by 2014, when you add in downloading, streaming, dvr playback, and smartphone/tablet viewing, that figure has expanded to …

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video rentals, formerly the province of walk-in video stores like blockbuster, have given way to mail services like netflix or online services like itunes. time shifting, which began during the vcr era, occurs when viewers record shows and watch them at a later, more convenient time. time shifting and video rentals, however, have threatened the tv industry’s advertising-driven business model; when viewers watch programs on dvds and dvrs, they often aren’t watching the ads that normally accompany network or cable shows. the third screen: tv converges with the internet the internet has transformed the way many of us, especially younger generations, watch movies, tv, and cable programming. these new online viewing experiences are often labeled third screens, usually meaning that computer screens are the third major way we view content (movie screens and traditional tv sets are the first and second screens, respectively). by far the most popular site for …

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the development of cable most historians mark the period from the late 1950s, when the networks gained control over tv’s content, to the end of the 1970s as the network era. except for british and american anthology dramas on pbs, this was a time when the big three broadcast networks – cbs, nbc, and abc – dictated virtually every trend in programming and collectively accounted for more than 95 percent of all prime-time tv viewing. in 2012, however, this figure was less than 40 percent. why the drastic drop? because cable television systems – along with home video and later streaming technology – had cut into the broadcast networks’ audience. catv – community antenna television the first small cable systems …

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