glikoliz - metabolicheskiy put

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slide 1 metabolizm uglevodov - 1 na protyajenii stoletiy pekari i pivovari ispolzuyut prevrashenie glyukozi k etanolu i co2 v protsesse glikoliza v drojjax * glikoliz naibolee ranee otkritiy i naibolee vajniy protsess metabolizma uglevodov glikoliz – metabolicheskiy put, v kotorom glyukoza prevrashaetsya v piruvat s obrazovaniem nebolshogo kolichestva energii v forme atf i nadn. glikoliz – anaerobniy protsess. glikoliz osushestvlyaetsya i v anaerobnix i v aerobnix organizmax. v glikolize odna molekula glyukozi prevrashaetsya v dve molekuli piruvata. glikoliz proxodit v tsitozole. * 10 reaktsiy glikoliza 1. geksokinaza perenosit fosfornuyu gruppu ot atf k glyukoze s obrazovaniem glyukozo-6-fosfata chetire kinazi deystvuyut v glikolize: 1,3,7 i 10 vse chetire kinazi ispolzuyut mg2+ i poxoji za mexanizmom deystviya * prevrashaet glyukozo-6-fosfat v fruktozo-6-fosfat 2. glyukozo-6-fosfat izomeraza * kataliziruet perenesenie fosfornoy gruppi ot atf k fruktozo-6-fosfatu s obrazovaniem fruktozo-1,6-difosfata 3. fosfofruktokinaza-1 (ffk-1) * 4. aldolaza rassheplyaet geksozu fruktozo-1,6-difosfat k dvum triozam: glitseraldegid-3-fosfatu i …

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yutsya s obrazovaniem nadn glyukoza+ 2 adf + 2 nad+ + 2 pi 2 piruvat + 2 atf + 2 nadn + 2 h+ + 2 h2o vo vremya prevrasheniya glyukozi v piruvat: * nauchnie issledovaniya fermentatsii vinogradnogo saxara bili pervimi issledovaniyami glikoliza * ispolzovanie piruvata * metabolizm piruvata k etanolu etanol obrazuetsya iz piruvata v drojjax i nekotorix mikroorganizmax v anaerobnix usloviyax. dve reaktsii: 1. dekarboksilirovanie piruvata v atsetaldegid. ferment - piruvatdekarboksilaza. koferment – tiamin pirofosfat (b1) 2. vosstanovlenie atsetaldegida v etanol. ferment – alkogoldegidrogenaza koferment – nadn. * laktat obrazuetsya iz piruvata v anaerobnix usloviyax. prevrashenie glyukozi v laktat nazivaetsya molochnokislim brojeniem. ferment - laktatdegidrogenaza. koferment – nadn. metabolizm piruvata v laktat * glyukozo-1-fosfat prevrashaetsya v glyukozo-6-fosfat fosfoglyukomutazoy. * neperenosimost laktozi (gipolaktaziya) obuslovlena defitsitom laktazi, kotoraya rassheplyaet laktozu do glyukozi i galaktozi. mikroorganizmi v tolstom kishechnike fermentiruyut neperetravlennuyu laktozu v molochnuyu kislotu generiruya metan (ch4) i vodorod (h2) …

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nshe glyukozi ispolzuetsya. v anaerobnix usloviyax prevrashenie glyukozi v piruvat namnogo bistree, chem v aerobnix effekt pastera – glikoliz v prisutstvii kisloroda protekaet medlennee. * ho ch20oh oh oh glucose oh + atp hexokinase ——— ch,opo32- o oh ho oh oh glucose 6-phosphate (g-6p) + adp + ht ch,opo32- h oh h ho oh glucose 6-phosphate (g-6p) aol oe —— os »—t_on li4s0p0, glucose 6-phosphate (open chain form) ow -ch.oh cg. 2-q3poh ch2oh ho—c—h ospohlc 4 — = hho h—c—oh h oh h—c—oh ho h ch2opo32- fructose 6-phosphate fructose 6-phosphate (open chain form) (f-6p) 2-03poh,c ch2oh 2-o3poh,c ch20po;2- 0 phosphofructokinase 0 ho + atp ho + adp + h* oh oh oh oh fructose 6-phosphate fructose 1,6-bisphosphate (f-6p) (f-1, 6-bp) oie ox, _-ch2opos | dihydroxyacetone o. _-ch,0p037" — phosphate “¢ "0 ] . (dhap) ho—-c—h h h—c—oh + h 0 “huge a ae c meen | glyceraldehyde ch,opo32- h—c—oh evan …

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$s ch3 pyruvate ht co, pyruvate decarboxylase h oo ch; acetaldehyde nadh + + +h nad h \ yz oa alcohol dehydrogenase ae ch; ethanol pyruvate nadh + ht nad*t 7 lactate dehydrogenase lactate 0. i wi phosphoglucomutase i h i = mw, _ oh 4h ho opo© ho oh h oh h oh a-d-glucose 1-phosphate t-d-glucose 6-phosphate (13.2) brain damage cataracts jaundice enlarged liver if a galactosemic infant is given milk, unmetabolized milk sugars build up and damage the liver, eyes, kidneys and brain ®adam.$

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slide 1 metabolizm uglevodov - 1 na protyajenii stoletiy pekari i pivovari ispolzuyut prevrashenie glyukozi k etanolu i co2 v protsesse glikoliza v drojjax * glikoliz naibolee ranee otkritiy i naibolee vajniy protsess metabolizma uglevodov glikoliz – metabolicheskiy put, v kotorom glyukoza prevrashaetsya v piruvat s obrazovaniem nebolshogo kolichestva energii v forme atf i nadn. glikoliz – anaerobniy protsess. glikoliz osushestvlyaetsya i v anaerobnix i v aerobnix organizmax. v glikolize odna molekula glyukozi prevrashaetsya v dve molekuli piruvata. glikoliz proxodit v tsitozole. * 10 reaktsiy glikoliza 1. geksokinaza perenosit fosfornuyu gruppu ot atf k glyukoze s obrazovaniem glyukozo-6-fosfata chetire kinazi deystvuyut v glikolize: 1,3,7 i 10 vse chetire kinazi ispolzuyut mg2+ i poxoji ...

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