molekulalarning tebranma holati

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aminokislotalar ma'ruza №13. molekulalarning tebranma holati 6 noyabrya 2025 g. l/o/g/o www.themegallery.com 1 molekulalarning tebranma holati reja : ikki atomli molekula tebranishini klassik mexanikaga binoan garmonik ossillyator, kvant mexanikaga binoan garmonik va nogarmonik ossillyator sifatida tushuntirish. morze potensiali. ko’p atomli molekulalar kichkina tebranishlarining klassik nazariyasi. kinetik va potensial energiyalar, normal koordinatlar va normal tebranishlar. tebranishlarni ayrim guruhlarga xosligi. xarakteristik chastotalar. www.themegallery.com 2 molekulaning tebranish spektrlari tebranish energiyasining o`zgarishidan sodir bo`ladi. odatda tebranish yadroning muvozanat holati atrofida yuz beradi. tebranish spektri orqali kimyoviy bog’lanishning barqarorligini aniqlash. molekulaning birlik strukturasini aniqlash mumkin. ikki atomli molekulalarning tebranishi har qanday 2 zarrachalararo ta'sir zarralar orasidagi masofaning potentsial energiyasiga bog’liq bo`lganligini quyidagi grafik shaklida ifodalash kerak. www.themegallery.com simmetrik va nosimmetrik tebranishlar www.themegallery.com valent tebranish (stretching) deformatsion tebranish simmetrik nosimmetrik tekis (ploskostnie) notekis (vneploskostnie) qaychisimon (scissoring) mayatniksimon (rocking) chayqaluvchan (wagging) burilishli (aylanma) (twisting) www.themegallery.com www.themegallery.com analitik jihatdan bu egri chiziq funktsiyasi u(r) r=r0 nuqtada bu egri …

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ergiyasi doimo siljish kvadratiga bog’liq. ikki atomli molekulaning tebranish mexanizmini ko`rib chiqamiz. molekulani quyidagicha tasavvur qilamiz: m1 va m2 massali ikki atom, ular bir-biridan r masofada joylashib, elastik kuch bilan bog’langan. www.themegallery.com agar bu atomni yoki sistemani cho`zsak yoki qistirsak va undan keyin o`z holida qoldirsak, atomlar og’irlik markaziga nisbatan tebranadi. u holda har bir atomga quyidagiga teng qaytar elastik kuch mos keladi. f=ma f=-kx a x=r-r0 www.themegallery.com u holda birinchi va ikkinchi atomlarning harakat tenglamasi quyidagicha bo`ladi. tebranish og’irlik markaziga nisbatan bo`ladi va qo`zg’almas hisoblanadi: m1 r1 =m2 r2 bundan quyidagicha garmonik ostsillyatorning harakat tenglamasini keltirib chiqaramiz: bu yerda keltirilgan massa www.themegallery.com oxirgi hosil bo`lgan differentsial tenglama molekulaning tebranish harakatini ko`rsatadi. bu tenglama quyidagicha yechimga ega: x=x0 cos2t. zarrachaning harakat tezligi vaqt bo`yicha x ning birinchi hosilasi bilan xarakterlanadi. tezlanish esa ikkinchi hosilasi hisoblanadi bulardan, 422m=k tenglama kelib chiqadi. bundan, garmonik tebranish uchun tebranish chastotasini topish mumkin. www.themegallery.com kvant …

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sohalarda garmonik tebranish uchun tebranish kvant soni u  ni tanlash mumkin. bu tebranish oblastida sohalar bir-biriga nisbatan bir xil joylashgan. sohalarda chiziq spektrlari chastotalari www.themegallery.com bundan xulosa chiqarish mumkin, spektrlarning tebranish chastotalari molekulalar chastotasiga teng. agar molekula qo`zg’alib, katta u qiymatli sohaga joylashgan bo`lsa, unda molekulaning tebranishi angarmonik bo`ladi. x-angarmonik konstanta, shuningdek garmonik tebranishdan qanchaga farq qilishini ko`rsatadi.angarmonik tebranishda energetik sohalar bir-biriga nisbatan qanday joylashishini ko`rib o`tamiz. buning uchun har xil chastotali energetik sohalar energiyasini ko`rib o`tamiz. www.themegallery.com tebranish spektridan molekulaning dissotsiyalanish energiyasini aniqlash molekulaning tebranishi valent va deformatsion tebranishlarga bo`linadi. valent tebranishda bog`larning uzunligi o`zgaradi, valent burchagi esa o`zgarmaydi. deformatsion tebranishda valent uzunligi o`zgarmaydi, valent burchaklari o`zgaradi. shu tebranish hosil qilgan chastotalari-xarakterli chastota deyiladi. molekulaning tebranish energetik sohalarining yaqinlashishidan foydalanib, ularning dissotsiyalanish energiyasini hisoblash mumkin. agar molekulaga tashqi kuch ta’sir ettirilsa, undan keyin kimyoviy bog`lar uzilsa va molekulalar atomlarga parchalansa, molekulaning dissotsiyalanishi amalga oshadi. molekuladagi atomlar kvant nazariyasiga …

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h h h e n n u n u n n = = + - + + = d = ) 1 ( ) 2 1 1 ( 2 ) 2 1 ( ) 2 1 ( + - + = u n u n u x h h e 3 2 1 + + + u u u u 2 2 2 2 ) 2 7 ( ) 2 7 ( ) 2 5 ( ) 2 5 ( ) 2 3 ( ) 2 3 ( ) 2 1 ( ) 2 1 ( 3 , 2 , 1 , + - + = + - + = + - + = + - + = + + + u n u n u n u n u n u n u n u n u u u u u u u u x h h e x …

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aminokislotalar ma'ruza №13. molekulalarning tebranma holati 6 noyabrya 2025 g. l/o/g/o www.themegallery.com 1 molekulalarning tebranma holati reja : ikki atomli molekula tebranishini klassik mexanikaga binoan garmonik ossillyator, kvant mexanikaga binoan garmonik va nogarmonik ossillyator sifatida tushuntirish. morze potensiali. ko’p atomli molekulalar kichkina tebranishlarining klassik nazariyasi. kinetik va potensial energiyalar, normal koordinatlar va normal tebranishlar. tebranishlarni ayrim guruhlarga xosligi. xarakteristik chastotalar. www.themegallery.com 2 molekulaning tebranish spektrlari tebranish energiyasining o`zgarishidan sodir bo`ladi. odatda tebranish yadroning muvozanat holati atrofida yuz beradi. tebranish spektri orqali kimyoviy bog’lanishning barqarorligini aniqlash. m...

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