the problem of parts of speech

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1524243659_71273.doc the problem of parts of speech problems to be discussed: 1. contemporary criteria for classifying words to parts of speech 2. structural approach to the classification of words (the doctrine of american descriptive school) 3. notional and functional parts of speech 4. nouns as a part of speech 5. the grammatical categories of nouns number case 6. the meaning of gender in modern english a thorough study of linguistic literature on the problem of english parts of speech enables us to conclude that there were three tendencies in grouping english words into parts of speech or into form classes: 1. pre - structural tendency; 2. structural tendency; 3. post - structural tendency; pre - structural tendency is characterized by classifying words into word - groups according to their meaning, function and form (h. sweet, o. jespersen, o. curme, b. ilyish and other grammarians). the second tendency is characterized by …

words: adjective, adjective pronouns, adjective-numeral, participles ii. indeclinable: adverb, preposition, conjunction, interjection as you see, the results of his classification, however, reveal a considerable divergence between his theory and practice. he seems to have kept to the form of words. further, concluding the chapter he wrote: "the distinction between the two classes which for convenience we distinguish as declinable and indeclinable parts of speech is not entirely dependent on the presence or absence of inflection, but really goes deeper, corresponding, to some extent, to the distinction between head - word and adjunct-word. the great majority of the particles are used only as adjunct-words, many of them being only form-words, while declinable words generally stand to the particles in the relation of headwords. o. jespersen. (34) according to jespersen the division of words into certain classes in the main goes back to the greek and latin grammarians with a few additions …

gories: absolute, verb, complement, modifiers and connectives. ch. fries' (31), (32) classification of words is entirely different from those of traditional grammarians. the new approach - the application of two of the methods of structural linguistics, distributional analysis and substitution - makes it possible for fries to dispense with the usual eight parts of speech. he classifies words into four form - classes, designated by numbers, and fifteen groups of function words, designated by letters. the form-classes correspond roughly to what most grammarians call noun and pronouns (1st clause), verb (2nd clause), adjective and adverbs, though fries warns the reader against the attempt to translate the statements which the latter finds in the book into the old grammatical terms. the group of function words contains not only prepositions and conjunctions but certain specific words that more traditional grammarians would class as a particular kind of pronouns, adverbs and verbs. in …

tape-recorded conversations by some three hundred different speakers in which the participants were entirely unaware that their speech was being recorded): the concert was good food coffee taste..... the words of this list he called class i words. the word “was” and all the words that can be used in this position he called class 2 words. in such a way he revealed 4 classes of notional words and 15 classes of functional words. these four classes of notional words contain approximately 67 per cent of the total instances of the vocabulary items. in other words our utterances consist primarily of arrangements of these four parts of speech. functional words are identified by letters class a words the concert was good the a/an every no my our one all both that some john’s all the words appearing in this position (group a) serve as markers of class 1 words. sometimes …

ems since they signal different structural meanings: the boys were given the money. the boys have given the money. russian grammarians in classifying words into parts of speech keep to different concepts; a.i. smirnitsky identifies three criteria. the most important of them is the syntactic function next comes meaning and then morphological forms of words. in his opinion stem-building elements are of no use. his word-groups are: notional words function words 1. nouns link - verbs 2. adjectives prepositions conjunctions 3. numerals modifying function words 4. pronouns (article, particle) 5. adverbs only, even, not 6. verbs khaimovich and rogovskaya identify five criteria 1. lexico - grammatical meaning of words 2. lexico - grammatical morphemes (stem - building elements) 3. grammatical categories of words. 4. their combinability (unilateral, bilateral) 5. their function in a sentence. their classification 1. nouns 2. adjectives 3. pronouns 4. numerals 5. verbs 6. adverbs 7. adlinks …

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1524243659_71273.doc the problem of parts of speech problems to be discussed: 1. contemporary criteria for classifying words to parts of speech 2. structural approach to the classification of words (the doctrine of american descriptive school) 3. notional and functional parts of speech 4. nouns as a part of speech 5. the grammatical categories of nouns number case 6. the meaning of gender in modern english a thorough study of linguistic literature on the problem of english parts of speech enables us to conclude that there were three tendencies in grouping english words into parts of speech or into form classes: 1. pre - structural tendency; 2. structural tendency; 3. post - structural tendency; pre - structural tendency is characterized by …

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