sightseeings of khiva

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1425465254_60427.ppt слайд 1 sightseeings of khiva www.arxiv.uz www.arxiv.uz www.arxiv.uz www.arxiv.uz www.arxiv.uz www.arxiv.uz khiva, one of the most noteworthy of the cities and towns of central asia, is situated on the left bank of the amu-darya in the southern part of the modern region of khorezm in uzbekistan. it is a unique monument town, completely preserved in the cultural style of the region. in 1967 it was proclaimed a town-reserve and since 1990 one part of khiva — the ichan-kala — was recognized by unesco as an historical monument of world significance. khiva is a district population center. according to n. muravieva, «as many as 3,000 houses were there and as many as 10,000 people lived» there at the beginning of the nineteenth century. according to q.i. danilevski, «in the middle of the last century, the population of khiva did not exceed 4000 men and women.» at the beginning of this …

in small numbers. in earlier times, the population of the khiva khanate was more varied. according to the data of turkestanskiy sbornik, five or six nationalities were represented there: the uzbeks; the sarts; the dugma; the persians; the nomadic and semi-nomadic turkmen - the karakalpaks - and the kazakhs. www.arxiv.uz www.arxiv.uz typically, after the formation of the khiva khanate, the population of khorezm, as well as people of khiva, all called themselves khorezmians. only european people, especially by russian people, in general, used the name khiva. it was not by chance that, in 1920, after the overthrow of the khan of khiva, the newly empowered people restored the ancient name to the khorezmian republic, while preserving khiva as its capital. ties with surrounding tribes and peoples, the constant flow of migration through the khorezm oasis, and the numerous stranger-conquerors who constantly intruded through the centuries, influenced the ethnic structure and …

racial-genetic ties of the agricultural and trading population with surrounding semi-nomadic and nomadic turkmen tribes, who had considerable european features, had significant influence. anthropologists have concluded that the people of khiva are very close to the ferghana (choost) uzbeks in their racial characteristics. anthropological data gathered in the tazabagiab (in khorezm) and choost (in ferghana) excavations indicate this. a.v. oshanin, who did research on the twentieth-century population of khiva, described khorezmians (the population of khiva) as being close to aryans and the indian-european language group. www.arxiv.uz www.arxiv.uz it is possible that there were already agricultural and town settlements in the khiva district in the middle of the first millennium b.c. archaeological excavations have revealed a number of cultural layers, corresponding to different chronological periods. archaeologists have also managed to find traces of town dwellings, pieces of ceramic dishes, and other findings which definitely establish the time of a settlement in …

oly writ of the zoroastrians, but also in bekhistun inscriptions, in work of qerodot, gekatei miletshi. thus when the twenty-three provinces subjected to darey (521-485 b.c.) were enumerated, the region of the khorezmians, including its castle khiva, is mentioned in a bekhistun inscription, and gekatei miletshi speaks of the «khorezmians» and their town «of khorasmia», located to the east of parphia (modern khorasan). qerodot includes the khorezmians» in the same satrap group with the parphians and sogdians. in due course, this ancient oasis turned into a wonderful, fine natural museum under the open sky, where majestic ruins of numerous castles and fortresses, ancient settlements, and traces of grandiose irrigation systems rise above sandy barchans. more than sixty years ago an archaeological ethnographic expedition headed by academician s.p. tolstov began its study of ancient khorezm. in particular, about seventy archaeological monuments, dating from the fourth century b.c. to between the eleventh …

worked-out planning, fortification, and construction methods, typical for all of khorezm and indicating state role in town planning, are distinctly observed. open settlements with dwellings of the es-tate-khauli type are the distinctive feature of many of the fortresses of khorezm throughout its history. a central canal that often lent its name to the town served many towns. khazarasp was named for a canal; shakhabad (shavat) may have also got its name from a canal (or perhaps from title “shakh's town”)- khiva took water from a canal named palvaniab in honor of the philosopher and poet pakhlavan makhmud. thanks to wide scale archaeological and ethnographic research work in the aral area, the reaches of the amu-darya, and the region of the sir-darya, it has become possible to identify the most ancient origins of the culture and religion of the khorezmians and the people of khiva. as these research works have shown, …

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1425465254_60427.ppt слайд 1 sightseeings of khiva www.arxiv.uz www.arxiv.uz www.arxiv.uz www.arxiv.uz www.arxiv.uz www.arxiv.uz khiva, one of the most noteworthy of the cities and towns of central asia, is situated on the left bank of the amu-darya in the southern part of the modern region of khorezm in uzbekistan. it is a unique monument town, completely preserved in the cultural style of the region. in 1967 it was proclaimed a town-reserve and since 1990 one part of khiva — the ichan-kala — was recognized by unesco as an historical monument of world significance. khiva is a district population center. according to n. muravieva, «as many as 3,000 houses were there and as many as 10,000 people lived» there at the beginning of …

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