etymological survey of english vocabulary

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a brief history of the english language etymological survey of english vocabulary some highlights 1 early influences celtic borrowings: a few celtic words, such as crag, entered what would become the english language. latin loans: roman soldiers and priests came to the british isles before the massive invasions of northern europeans. 2 northern invasions angles, jutes, saxons frisians, danes, and norwegians brought new languages. 3 angles, saxons, and jutes “germanic invaders called the native celts wealas (‘foreigners’), from which the name welsh is derived. the celts called the invaders ‘saxons,’ regardless of their tribe, and and this practice was followed by the early latin writers…references to the name of the country as engaland (‘land of the angles’), from which came england, do not appear until c. 1000” (crystal 7). 4 the anglo-saxon chronicle although most european chronicles of the era appeared in latin or french, these were written in old …
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english; for example, det became debt and iland became island. 14 british bilingualism french held its place as the language of government, law, literature, and, along with latin, in the church. english remained the language of household staffs and other so-called common people. sometimes upper-class employers learned english in order to talk with their servants. 15 french words in english baron, count, courtier, duchess, duke, marchioness, marquis, noble, peer appetite, beef, biscuit, confection, plate, raisin, supper, treacle, veal, vinegar ambush, army, battle, enemy, garrison, lieutenant, moat, peace, sergeant by heart, come to a head, have mercy on hold one’s peace, take leave 16 english-french pairs sheep-mutton calf-veal deer-venison pig-pork begin-commence child-infant doom-judgment freedom-liberty happiness-felicity hearty-cordial help-aid hide-conceal holy-saintly meal-repast stench-aroma wish-desire 17 words from other languages latin: alias, homicide, diocese, mediator, scripture, lucrative, tolerance netherlands: poll, skipper spanish: cork, savvy portuguese: marmalade arabic: saffron, admiral, mattress, algebra, alkali, zenith persian: …
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nguage, published in 1755, further standardized english usage. 22 middle english literature sir gawain and the green knight, a story from arthurian legend, written in english but showing the influence of the french courtly tradition. late 14th century the canterbury tales, written by geoffrey chaucer (ca. 1345-1400) 23 e-mod the renaissance shakespeare protestant reformation printing presses first english colonization of america: tobacco, potato, and other words enter the language early modern english (1400-1800) 24 bible translations john wycliffe risked his life by translating the bible in the fourteenth century. although he survived, opponents burned his bones after his death. how did the protestant reformation change english? 25 king james bible 1611 this translation became one of the most commonly used christian bibles in the world. 26 english in education shakespeare read cervantes at a time when scholars considered spanish a more important language than english. at the beginning of the …
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day modern english came into being during the eighteenth century. even so, authors such as jane austen (1775-1817) use formulations that seem odd to our ears and words, such as ‘direction’ as an address, that now convey different meanings. 30 english outside of england an american dictionary of the english language, published in 1828 noah webster (1758-1843) 31 the use of english has spread 1.mandarin chinese (1.1 billion) 2.english (330 million) 3.spanish (300 million) 4.hindi/urdu (250 million) 5.arabic (200 million) 6.bengali (185 million) 7.portuguese (160 million) 8.russian (160 million) 9.japanese (125 million) 10.german (100 million) 11.punjabi (90 million) 12.javanese (80 million) 13.french (75 million) estimates of language use varies. george weber’s articletop languages: the world’s 10 most influential languages” in language today (vol. 2, dec 1997). 32 english in a global context “more than 40 countries around the world consider english their primary language” (university of texas at austin website). …
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ks cited crystal, david. the cambridge encyclopedia of the english language. cambridge: u of cambridge, 1997. english department, university of texas at austen. . accessed 10 sept. 2008. “english in the world.” . new york: new york times, 2008. accessed 10 sept. 2008. knowles, gerry. a cultural history of the english language. london: arnold, 1999. 36 image6.jpeg image7.png image8.jpeg image9.jpeg image10.png image11.jpeg image12.jpeg image13.jpeg image14.jpeg image15.jpeg image16.png image17.jpeg image18.jpeg image19.jpeg image20.jpeg image21.jpeg image22.png image23.jpeg image24.jpeg image25.jpeg image26.jpeg image27.jpeg image28.jpeg image29.jpeg image30.jpeg image31.jpeg image32.png image33.png image1.jpeg image2.jpeg image3.jpeg image4.jpeg image5.png /docprops/thumbnail.jpeg

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a brief history of the english language etymological survey of english vocabulary some highlights 1 early influences celtic borrowings: a few celtic words, such as crag, entered what would become the english language. latin loans: roman soldiers and priests came to the british isles before the massive invasions of northern europeans. 2 northern invasions angles, jutes, saxons frisians, danes, and norwegians brought new languages. 3 angles, saxons, and jutes “germanic invaders called the native celts wealas (‘foreigners’), from which the name welsh is derived. the celts called the invaders ‘saxons,’ regardless of their tribe, and and this practice was followed by the early latin writers…references to the name of the country as engaland (‘land of the angles’), from which came …

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