discourse analysis & phonology

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discourse analysis & phonology discourse analysis & phonology phonology is a branch of linguistics, closely related to phonetics. it studies the manners of organization and usage of the speech sounds in natural languages. phonetics deals with the smallest chunks of language, yet it is in connection with other linguistic disciplines like morphology, because adding morphemes may change the meaning of words and their pronunciation, frequently following patterns-eg. work + er = worker. phonetics is also related with syntax, as depending on a function of a word in a sentence it can be pronounced differently with a shifted phrasal stress and with changed intonation-eg. who are you? who are you! similarly, this branch of linguistics is connected with semantics because of intonation constraints. while phonetics studies the production and perception of the speech sounds (for instance, in the expression 'london photography', phonetics would analyze all the sounds present in the words …

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s ordinary conversation ii) stress-timed l :- --stress timing --syllable-timing --e.g : the word “extraordinary”, “mother”, etc. prominence : - syllables which stand out in the flow of talk because speaker has uttered them with greater intensity or duration or pitch duration. sentence stress is also called ‘tonic’. e.g : ja pan ese, or japan εsε, never japanese. good example : 4.16 word-stress prominence the knowledge about syllables that may be prominent is useful. in context –primary & secondary stress is important. e.g : when i was in college, i had many japanese friends. placing of prominence e.g : 4.17, 4.18 & 4.19 interactive choice is important. when we consider prominence in discourse, we are considering the extent to which speakers & listeners’ worlds converge. e.g: 4.21 ( i can take you right to the door if you wish). --the emphasis on to instead of door. e.g: in islam, one …

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e tone. e.g : 4.30 4.31 words in bold are the newsworthy 4.32 speakers decide on the information that needs to be distributed in tone groups & where tonic is placed. decisions rests on assessing what needs to be highlighted to the listener. (new & given) info background info (obvious in the context) prominence -- may be used to draw the listeners attention to a wide variety of phenomenon in the discourse, including markings of the speakers’ turn a new topic & emphasis on contrast or giving new info turn-taking speakers can signal a desire to continue a speaking turn by : using low pitch pause to stop or continue low pitch for ending statement syntax, lexis, non-verbal communication & context types of tones are not easy to separate. (good example p. 105 4.39) pitch across speakers matching or concord in pitch between speakers is a phenomenon. e.g: 4.59 4.60 …

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discourse analysis & phonology discourse analysis & phonology phonology is a branch of linguistics, closely related to phonetics. it studies the manners of organization and usage of the speech sounds in natural languages. phonetics deals with the smallest chunks of language, yet it is in connection with other linguistic disciplines like morphology, because adding morphemes may change the meaning of words and their pronunciation, frequently following patterns-eg. work + er = worker. phonetics is also related with syntax, as depending on a function of a word in a sentence it can be pronounced differently with a shifted phrasal stress and with changed intonation-eg. who are you? who are you! similarly, this branch of linguistics is connected with semantics because of …

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